Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
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Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP |
dARK ID: | ark:/48912/0013000016fjt |
DOI: | 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8 |
Texto Completo: | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8 https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/56055 |
Resumo: | Background One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. Methods We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. Findings We used data from 751 studies including 4 372 000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. Interpretation Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Funding Wellcome Trust. Copyright (C) NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY. |
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participantsBackground One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. Methods We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. Findings We used data from 751 studies including 4 372 000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. Interpretation Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Funding Wellcome Trust. Copyright (C) NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY.Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W2 1PG, EnglandHarvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAMiddlesex Univ, London N17 8HR, EnglandWorld Hlth Org, Geneva, SwitzerlandEmory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USAUniv Florence, I-50121 Florence, ItalyNatl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TaiwanUniv Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, BrazilUniv Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PeruUniv Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkUniv Greenland, Manutooq, GreenlandInst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoWorld Hlth Org, Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, EgyptPeking Univ, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniv Yaounde I, Yaounde, CameroonBrown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USAMadras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, IndiaIstanbul Univ, Istanbul, TurkeyFed Minist Hlth, Sarajevo, Bosnia & HercegIndia Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, IndiaUniv Tunis El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaUniv Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USAAl Quds Univ, Jerusalem, IsraelMonash Univ Malaysia, Selangor, MalaysiaBirzeit Univ, Birzeit, IsraelInst Mexicano Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaMahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, ThailandInst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, NetherlandsNoncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranKuwait Inst Sci Res, Kuwait, KuwaitLuxembourg Inst Hlth, Luxembourg, LuxembourgLille Univ & Hosp, Lille, FranceLondon Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, EnglandNorwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, NorwayNatl Inst Publ Hlth, Tunis, TunisiaMinist Hlth Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaIndian Council Med Res, New Delhi, IndiaStrasbourg Univ & Hosp, Strasbourg, FranceReg Author Publ Hlth, Banska Bystrica, SlovakiaShahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, IranMed Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, PolandUniv Palermo, I-90133 Palermo, ItalyPan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USAJordan Univ Sci & Technol, Amman, JordanUniv Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaUniv Med Sci, Havana, CubaChirayu Med Coll, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaSunder Lal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, IndiaShanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R ChinaUniv Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, NorwayUniv Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenNatl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv Turin, I-10124 Turin, ItalyNanyang Technol Univ, Singapore 639798, SingaporeCtr Educ Med & Invest Clin, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaMinist Hlth, Mahe, SeychellesUniv Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandCent Univ Venezuela, Caracas, VenezuelaUniv Bielefeld, Bielefeld, GermanyGerman Canc Res Ctr, Berlin, GermanyFred Hollows Fdn New Zealand, Wellington, New ZealandUniv La Laguna, E-38207 San Cristobal la Laguna, SpainUniv Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, BrazilCardiol Mercato S Severino, Milan, ItalyKarolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, SwedenUniv Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, PortugalUniv Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, SpainUCL, London WC1E 6BT, EnglandAssoc Calabrese Epatol, Milan, ItalyFrench Inst Hlth Surveillance, Paris, FranceAcad Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanCapital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaKailuan Gen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaDuke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, SingaporeGertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Haifa, IsraelMinist Hlth & Welf, Taipei, TaiwanKorea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seoul, South KoreaMed Univ Silesia, Poznan, PolandCharles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech RepublicKatholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumAgcy Prevent & Social Med, Bregenz, AustriaUniv Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, EnglandIRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Milan, ItalyInst Pasteur, Lille, FranceUniv Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 1797, AustraliaCIBEROBN, Barcelona, SpainCNR, Milan, ItalyLille Univ Hosp, Lille, FranceUniv Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, BelgiumErasmus MC, Rotterdam, NetherlandsFrench Inst Hlth Surveillance, Paris, FranceErasmus MC, Rotterdam, NetherlandsIRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Milan, ItalyNoncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranMinist Sante & Lutte Contre Sida, Abidjan, Cote IvoireCardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Poznan, PolandRobert Koch Inst, Berlin, GermanyLatvian State Univ, Riga, LatviaUniv Benin, Benin, NigeriaUniv Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenNatl Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Tunis, TunisiaInst Hosp Mar Invest Med, Barcelona, SpainUniv Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South AfricaKaradeniz Tech Univ, Ankara, TurkeyDokuz Eylul Univ, TR-35210 Alsancak, TurkeyUniv So Denmark, Copenhagen, DenmarkInst Mexicano Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, EnglandUniv Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, IranCtr Salud Villanueva Norte, Barcelona, SpainUniv W Indies, Kingston, JamaicaHosp Don Benito Villanueva Serena, Barcelona, SpainCouncil Agr Res & Econ, Milan, ItalyPontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, ChileWageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, NetherlandsUniv Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, EnglandAgcy Prevent & Social Med, Innsbruck, AustriaUniv Sains 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PL-31007 Krakow, PolandUniv So Denmark, Odense, DenmarkUniv Turin, I-10124 Turin, ItalyNatl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaSingapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, SingaporeUniv Icesi, Cali, ColombiaUniv Hosp Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandUniv Estadual Montes Claros, Montes Claros, BrazilInst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniv W Indies, Kingston, JamaicaUCL, London WC1E 6BT, EnglandIndian Council Med Res, New Delhi, IndiaKyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, JapanTulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USARobert Koch Inst, Berlin, GermanyOulu Univ Hosp, Oulu, FinlandImperial Coll London, London, EnglandUniv Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaChinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaErasmus MC, Rotterdam, NetherlandsFdn Oftalmol Santander, Santander, SpainUniv Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, BrazilUniv Oran 1, Oran, AlgeriaUniv W Indies, Kingston, JamaicaMinist Hlth, Naypyidaw, MyanmarUniv Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, NorwayHarvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USABirzeit Univ, Birzeit, IsraelInt Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, FranceAmer Univ Beirut, Beirut, LebanonIRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Milan, ItalyCardiol Mercato S Severino, Milan, ItalyCairo Univ, Cairo, EgyptNatl Inst Hlth & Nutr, Tokyo, JapanErasmus MC, Rotterdam, NetherlandsInst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaAga Khan Univ, Karachi, PakistanNiigata Univ, Niigata 95021, JapanUniv, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, IsraelDuke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, SingaporeKuwait Inst Sci Res, Kuwait, KuwaitJagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, PL-31007 Krakow, PolandUniv Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaHeidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, GermanyWHO, Country Off, New Delhi, IndiaUniv Crete, Iraklion, GreeceGertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Jerusalem, IsraelNoncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USANatl Inst Epidemiol, New Delhi, IndiaErasmus MC, Rotterdam, NetherlandsOulu Univ Hosp, Oulu, FinlandRes Inst Primordial 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Santiago, ChileUniv Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, SwitzerlandEmory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USASherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, IndiaUiT Arct Univ Norway, Tromso, NorwayCape Peninsula Univ Technol, Cape Town, South AfricaUniv Yaounde I, Yaounde, CameroonUniv W Indies, Kingston, JamaicaBrown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USAUniv Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland|Univ Oran 1, Es Senia, AlgeriaINSERM, F-75654 Paris 13, FranceUniv Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, BrazilDigest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, IranIndian Council Med Res, New Delhi, IndiaCapital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaPontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, ChileUniv Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PeruAin Shams Univ, Cairo, EgyptUniv Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, IranIsfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Tehran, IranMadras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, IndiaMinist Hlth Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaUniv So Denmark, Odense, DenmarkUniv Pecs, Pecs, HungaryMulago Hosp, Kampala, UgandaUniv Med Sci, Havana, CubaUniv Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, SpainRCSI Dublin, Dublin, IrelandHarokopio Univ, Kallithea, GreeceInt Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Warsaw, PolandAin Shams Univ, Cairo, EgyptUniv Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, PortugalGorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, PanamaDept Publ Hlth, Naypyidaw, MyanmarUniv Brescia, Brescia, ItalyHelmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, GermanyUniv Eastern Finland, Joensuu, FinlandUniv Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, GermanyReg Author Publ Hlth, Banska Bystrica, SlovakiaNatl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, SingaporeSuraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaCIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ, Barcelona, SpainINSERM, F-75654 Paris 13, FranceJagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, PL-31007 Krakow, PolandPontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, ChileUniv Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamHanoi Med Univ, Hanoi 100803, VietnamUniv Ctr Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Caracas, VenezuelaShanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R ChinaKyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, JapanCNR, Milan, ItalyUniv Palermo, Palermo, ItalyEastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network, Amman, JordanUniv Cuenca, Cuenca, EcuadorKorea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seoul, South KoreaIstanbul Univ, Istanbul, TurkeyPan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USAMRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, EnglandFdn Oftalmol Santander, Santander, ColombiaKwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, GhanaUniv Latvia, Riga, LatviaIst Super Sanita, Milan, ItalyHeidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, GermanyUniv Bari, Bari, ItalyNoncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranFundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rene Rachou Res Inst, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilNatl Inst Hlth & Welf, Helsinki, FinlandHelmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, GermanyVietnam Natl Heart Inst, Hanoi, VietnamFed Minist Hlth, Mostar, Bosnia & HercegUniv New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australiaardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Warsaw, PolandPubl Hlth Agcy Catalonia, Catalonia, SpainInst Hosp Mar Invest Med, Madrid, SpainErasmus MC, Rotterdam, NetherlandsUniv Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, IranMadras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, IndiaUniv Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandTartu Univ Clin, Tartu, EstoniaAlborz Univ Med Sci, Alborz, IranLithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, LithuaniaUniv Turku, Turku, FinlandNatl Inst Epidemiol, Delhi, IndiaIndia Diabet Res Fdn, Delhi, IndiaUniv New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaInst Univ Invest Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol, Barcelona, SpainUniv Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaGerman Diabet Ctr, Berlin, GermanyUniv Valencia, Valencia, SpainUniv Philippines, Quezon City 1101, PhilippinesHlth Ctr San Agustin, San Agustin, SpainUniv Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, EnglandPubl Hlth Agcy Canada, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniv Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, SpainUniv Ind Santander, Santander, ColombiaInst Nacl Salud Publ, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniv Madeira, Funchal, PortugalInst Mexicano Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF, MexicoInst Heart, Sao Paulo, BrazilMed Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, PolandSingapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, SingaporeSitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Delhi, IndiaUniv Tunis El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaMarmara Univ, Istanbul, TurkeyFrench Inst Hlth Surveillance, Paris, FranceUniv Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandUniv Brescia, Brescia, ItalyUniv Lisbon, P-1699 Lisbon, PortugalUniv Sao Paulo, Clin Hosp, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, PortugalUniv Lisbon, P-1699 Lisbon, PortugalIsfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Esfahan, IranFGerman Canc Res Ctr, Berlin, GermanyUniv Sao Paulo, Clin Hosp, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaRobert Koch Inst, Berlin, GermanyUniv Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanSingapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, SingaporeAmer Univ Beirut, Beirut, LebanonUniv New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaKarolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, SwedenMed Univ Lodz, Lodz, PolandLondon Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, EnglandUniv Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, NetherlandsChinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Yaounde I, Yaounde, CameroonUmea Univ, Umea, SwedenUniv Bari, Bari, ItalyLund Univ, Lund, SwedenUniv Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceUniv Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumINSERM, F-75654 Paris 13, FranceUniv Bonn, Bonn, GermanyEmory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USAHadassah Univ, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, IsraelHelmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, GermanyUniv Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilFu Jen Catholic Univ, Taipei, TaiwanUppsala Univ, Uppsala, SwedenChinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaMahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, ThailandUniv Philippines, Quezon City 1101, PhilippinesNatl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, SingaporeUniv Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaKarolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, SwedenUniv Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumUniv Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamUniv W Indies, Kingston, JamaicaUniv Eastern Finland, Joensuu, FinlandUniv Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceHarvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAMeharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN USAMed Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, AustriaTampere Univ Hosp, Tampere, FinlandPontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, ChileHarvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAUniv Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsUniv Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, NetherlandsKatholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumCtr Prevenz Cardiovasc Udine, Udine, ItalyConsejeria Sanidad Junta Castilla & Leon, Leon, SpainUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Insubria, Insubria, ItalyNatl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, NetherlandsInst Trop Med, Brussels, BelgiumNatl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv Miguel Hernandez, Elche, SpainUniv Eastern Finland, Joensuu, FinlandINSERM, F-75654 Paris 13, FranceMinist Hlth, Victoria, SeychellesUniv Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, SwitzerlandUniv Eastern Finland, Tampere, FinlandCtr Res Environm Epidemiol, Barcelona, SpainUniv Witwatersrand, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South AfricaUniv Strasbourg, Strasbourg, FranceUniv Coll Cork, Cork, IrelandInst Med Res, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaPeking Univ, Hosp 6, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaPubl Hlth Agcy Canada, Toronto, ON, CanadaXinjiang Med Univ, Urumqi, Xinjiang, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUCL, London WC1E 6BT, EnglandMinist Hlth, Auckland, New ZealandSt Georges Univ London, London, England|Med Univ Vienna, Vienna, AustriaMed Univ Silesia, Katowice, PolandNatl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv W Indies, Kingston, JamaicaMed Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, AustriaUiT Arct Univ Norway, Oslo, NorwayNatl Inst Hyg, Warsaw, PolandDuke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, SingaporeChinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaUniv Oxford, Oxford, EnglandUniv Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, EnglandKailuan Gen Hosp, Tangshan, Peoples R ChinaMinist Agr, Inst Food & Nutr Dev, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaFudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R ChinaChinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniv Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaNiigata Univ, Niigata 95021, JapanUniv W Indies, Kingston, JamaicaUniv Padua, Padua, ItalyCtr Diabet & Endocrine Care, New Delhi, IndiaMed Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, PolandSingapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, SingaporeGorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, PanamaRes Ctr Prevent & Hlth, Copenhagen, DenmarkIB SALUT, Area Salud Menorca, Menorca, SpainInst Rech Dev, Montpellier, FranceUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of ScienceWellcome TrustElsevier Science Inc2020-07-22T13:23:08Z2020-07-22T13:23:08Z2016info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion1513-1530application/pdfhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8Lancet. New York, v. 387, n. 10027, p. 1513-1530, 2016.10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8WOS000373741600028.pdf0140-6736https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/56055WOS:000373741600028ark:/48912/0013000016fjtengLancetNew Yorkinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessZhou, BinLu, YuanHajifathalian, KavehBentham, JamesDi Cesare, MariachiaraDanaei, GoodarzBixby, HonorCowan, Melanie J.Ali, Mohammed K.Taddei, CristinaLo, Wei-ChengReis-Santos, BarbaraStevens, Gretchen A.Riley, Leanne M.Miranda, J. JaimeBjerregaard, PeterRivera, Juan A.Fouad, Heba M.Ma, GuanshengMbanya, Jean Claude N.McGarvey, Stephen T.Mohan, ViswanathanOnat, AltanRamachandran, AmbadyBen Romdhane, HabibaPaciorek, Christopher J.Bennett, James E.Ezzati, MajidAbdeen, Ziad A.Kadir, Khalid AbdulAbu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.Acosta-Cazares, BenjaminAdams, RobertAekplakorn, WichaiAguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.Agyemang, CharlesAhmadvand, AlirezaAl-Othman, Amani RashedAlkerwi, Ala'aAmouyel, PhilippeAmuzu, AntoinetteAndersen, Lars BoAnderssen, Sigmund A.Anjana, Ranjit MohanAounallah-Skhiri, HajerAris, TahirArlappa, NimmathotaArveiler, DominiqueAssah, Felix K.Avdicova, MariaAzizi, FereidounBalakrishna, NagallaBandosz, PiotrBarbagallo, Carlo M.Barcelo, AlbertoBatieha, Anwar M.Baur, Louise A.Ben Romdhane, HabibaBenet, MikhailBernabe-Ortiz, AntonioBharadwaj, SumitBhargava, Santosh K.Bi, YufangBjerregaard, PeterBjertness, EspenBjertness, Marius B.Bjorkelund, CeciliaBlokstra, AnnekeBo, SimonaBoehm, Bernhard O.Boissonnet, Carlos P.Bovet, PascalBrajkovich, ImperiaBreckenkamp, JuergenBrenner, HermannBrewster, Lizzy M.Brian, Garry R.Bruno, GraziellaBugge, AnnaCabrera de Leon, AntonioCan, GunayCandido, Ana Paula C.Capuano, VincenzoCarlsson, Axel C.Carvalho, Maria J.Casanueva, Felipe F.Casas, Juan-PabloCaserta, Carmelo A.Castetbon, KatiaChamukuttan, SnehalathaChaturvedi, NishiChen, Chien-JenChen, FangfangChen, ShuohuaCheng, Ching-YuChetrit, AngelaChiou, Shu-TiCho, YumiChudek, JerzyCifkova, RenataClaessens, FrankConcin, HansCooper, CyrusCooper, RachelCostanzo, SimonaCottel, DominiqueCowell, ChrisCrujeiras, Ana B.D'Arrigo, GraziellaDallongeville, JeanDankner, RachelDauchet, Lucde Gaetano, GiovanniDe Henauw, StefaanDeepa, MohanDehghan, AbbasDeschamps, ValerieDhana, KlodianDi Castelnuovo, Augusto F.Djalalinia, ShirinDoua, KouamelanDrygas, WojciechDu, YongDzerve, VilnisEgbagbe, Eruke E.Eggertsen, RobertEl Ati, JalilaElosua, RobertoErasmus, Rajiv T.Erem, CihangirErgor, GulEriksen, LouiseEscobedo-de la Pena, JorgeFall, Caroline H.Farzadfar, FarshadFelix-Redondo, Francisco J.Ferguson, Trevor S.Fernandez-Berges, DanielFerrari, MarikaFerreccio, CatterinaFeskens, Edith J. 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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants |
title |
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants |
spellingShingle |
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants Zhou, Bin Zhou, Bin |
title_short |
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants |
title_full |
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants |
title_fullStr |
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants |
title_sort |
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants |
author |
Zhou, Bin |
author_facet |
Zhou, Bin Zhou, Bin Lu, Yuan Hajifathalian, Kaveh Bentham, James Di Cesare, Mariachiara Danaei, Goodarz Bixby, Honor Cowan, Melanie J. Ali, Mohammed K. Taddei, Cristina Lo, Wei-Cheng Reis-Santos, Barbara Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Miranda, J. Jaime Bjerregaard, Peter Rivera, Juan A. Fouad, Heba M. Ma, Guansheng Mbanya, Jean Claude N. McGarvey, Stephen T. Mohan, Viswanathan Onat, Altan Ramachandran, Ambady Ben Romdhane, Habiba Paciorek, Christopher J. Bennett, James E. Ezzati, Majid Abdeen, Ziad A. Kadir, Khalid Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Adams, Robert Aekplakorn, Wichai Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemang, Charles Ahmadvand, Alireza Al-Othman, Amani Rashed Alkerwi, Ala'a Amouyel, Philippe Amuzu, Antoinette Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Aris, Tahir Arlappa, Nimmathota Arveiler, Dominique Assah, Felix K. Avdicova, Maria Azizi, Fereidoun Balakrishna, Nagalla Bandosz, Piotr Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Batieha, Anwar M. Baur, Louise A. Benet, Mikhail Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Bharadwaj, Sumit Bhargava, Santosh K. Bi, Yufang Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Boehm, Bernhard O. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bovet, Pascal Brajkovich, Imperia Breckenkamp, Juergen Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Brian, Garry R. Bruno, Graziella Bugge, Anna Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Can, Gunay Candido, Ana Paula C. Capuano, Vincenzo Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Maria J. Casanueva, Felipe F. Casas, Juan-Pablo Caserta, Carmelo A. Castetbon, Katia Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chaturvedi, Nishi Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Shuohua Cheng, Ching-Yu Chetrit, Angela Chiou, Shu-Ti Cho, Yumi Chudek, Jerzy Cifkova, Renata Claessens, Frank Concin, Hans Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Crujeiras, Ana B. D'Arrigo, Graziella Dallongeville, Jean Dankner, Rachel Dauchet, Luc de Gaetano, Giovanni De Henauw, Stefaan Deepa, Mohan Dehghan, Abbas Deschamps, Valerie Dhana, Klodian Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Djalalinia, Shirin Doua, Kouamelan Drygas, Wojciech Du, Yong Dzerve, Vilnis Egbagbe, Eruke E. Eggertsen, Robert El Ati, Jalila Elosua, Roberto Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erem, Cihangir Ergor, Gul Eriksen, Louise Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge Fall, Caroline H. Farzadfar, Farshad Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrari, Marika Ferreccio, Catterina Feskens, Edith J. M. Finn, Joseph D. Foeger, Bernhard Foo, Leng Huat Forslund, Ann-Sofie Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Pinho [UNIFESP] Franco, Oscar H. Frontera, Guillermo Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gates, Louise Geleijnse, Johanna M. Ghasemian, Anoosheh Ghimire, Anup Giampaoli, Simona Gianfagna, Francesco Giovannelli, Jonathan Giwercman, Aleksander Gonzalez Gross, Marcela Gonzalez Rivas, Juan P. Bonet Gorbea, Mariano Gottrand, Frederic Grafnetter, Dusan Grodzicki, Tomasz Grontved, Anders Gruden, Grabriella Gu, Dongfeng Guan, Ong Peng Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gutierrez, Laura Hambleton, Ian R. Hardy, Rebecca Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hata, Jun Heidemann, Christin Herrala, Sauli Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hofman, Albert Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yang Hussieni, Abdullatif S. Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibrahim, M. Mohsen Ikeda, Nayu Ikram, M. Arfan Irazola, Vilma E. Islam, Muhammad Iwasaki, Masanori Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jafar, Tazeen Jamil, Kazi M. Jasienska, Grazyna Jiang, Chao Qiang Jonas, Jost B. Joshi, Pradeep Kafatos, Anthony Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kasaeian, Amir Katz, Joanne Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kelishadi, Roya Kengne, Andre P. Kersting, Mathilde Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalili, Davood Khang, Young-Ho Kiechl, Stefan Kim, Jeongseon Kolsteren, Patrick Kratzer, Wolfgang Kromhout, Daan Kujala, Urho M. Kula, Krzysztof Kyobutungi, Catherine Laatikainen, Tiina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Laxmaiah, Avula Leclercq, Catherine Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehtimaki, Terho Lekhraj, Rampal Leon-Munoz, Luz M. Li, Yanping Lim, Wei-Yen Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. Lin, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lissner, Lauren Lorbeer, Roberto Eugenio Lozano, Jose Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lytsy, Per Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machi, Suka Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Makdisse, Marcia Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Manios, Yannis Manzato, Enzo Margozzini, Paula Marques-Vidal, Pedro Martorell, Reynaldo Masoodi, Shariq R. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Matsha, Tandi E. McFarlane, Shelly R. McLachlan, Stela McNulty, Breige A. Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia Meirhaeghe, Aline Menezes, Ana Maria B. Merat, Shahin Meshram, Indrapal I. Mi, Jie Francisco Miquel, Juan Jaime Miranda, J. Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadifard, Noushin Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Moller, Niels C. Molnar, Denes Mondo, Charles K. Morejon, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mostafa, Aya Mota, Jorge Motta, Jorge Mu, Thet Thet Muiesan, Maria Lorenza Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina Mursu, Jaakko Nagel, Gabriele Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba Nenko, Ilona Nervi, Flavio Nguyen, Nguyen D. Quang Ngoc Nguyen Nieto-Martinez, Ramfi S. E. Ning, Guang Ninomiya, Toshiharu Noale, Marianna Noto, Davide Al Nsour, Mohannad Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M. Oh, Kyungwon Ordunez, Pedro Osmond, Clive Otero, Johanna A. Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Pahomova, Elena Palmieri, Luigi Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Panza, Francesco Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Peters, Annette Peykari, Niloofar Son Thai Pham Pilav, Aida Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Piwonski, Jerzy Plans-Rubio, Pedro Porta, Miquel Portegies, Marileen L. P. Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Price, Jacqueline F. Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahman, Mahmudur Raitakari, Olli Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramke, Jacqueline Ramos, Rafel Rampal, Sanjay Rathmann, Wolfgang Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Rigo, Fernando Robinson, Sian M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Ronkainen, Kimmo Rosengren, Annika Rubinstein, Adolfo Rui, Ornelas Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Russo Horimoto, Andrea R. V. Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sachdev, Harshpal S. Saidi, Olfa Sakarya, Sibel Salanave, Benoit Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Santos, Diana dos Santos, Renata Nunes Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Saum, Kai-Uwe Scazufca, Marcia Schargrodsky, Herman Scheidt-Nave, Christa Sein, Aye Aye Sharma, Sanjb K. Shaw, Jonathan E. Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Youchan Shiri, Rahman Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. Simon, Mary Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjostrom, Michael Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam Snijder, Marieke B. So, Hung-Kwan Sobngwi, Eugene Soderberg, Stefan Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Sonestedt, Emily Soumare, Aicha Staessen, Jan A. Stathopoulou, Maria G. Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stessman, Jochanan Stoeckl, Doris Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Louzada [UNIFESP] Sun, Chien-An Sundstrom, Johan Sung, Yn-Tz Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sy, Rody G. Tai, E. Shyong Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tang, Line Tarawneh, Mohammed Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Taylor, Anne Theobald, Holger Thijs, Lutgarde Thuesen, Betina H. Tolonen, Hanna K. Tolstrup, Janne S. Topbas, Murat Torrent, Maties Traissac, Pierre Trinh, Oanh T. H. Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Turley, Maria L. Tzourio, Christophe Ueda, Peter Ukoli, Flora A. M. Ulmer, Hanno Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Valdivia, Gonzalo Valvi, Damaskini van Rossem, Lenie van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Vanderschueren, Dirk Vanuzzo, Diego Vega, Tomas Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Veronesi, Giovanni Verschuren, W. M. Monique Verstraeten, Roosmarijn Viet, Lucie Vioque, Jesus Virtanen, Jyrki K. Viswanathan, Bharathi Vollenweider, Peter Voutilainen, Sari Vrijheid, Martine Wade, Alisha N. Wagner, Aline Walton, Janette Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Wang, Feng Wang, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wannamethee, S. Goya Weerasekera, Deepa Whincup, Peter H. Widhalm, Kurt Wijga, Alet H. Wilks, Rainford J. Willeit, Johann Wilsgaard, Tom Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wong, Tien Yin Woo, Jean Woodward, Mark Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Shou Ling Xu, Haiquan Yan, Weili Yang, Xiaoguang Ye, Xingwang Yoshihara, Akihiro Younger-Coleman, Novie O. Zambon, Sabina Zargar, Abdul Hamid Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zhao, Wenhua Zheng, Yingfeng Zuniga Cisneros, Julio Lu, Yuan Hajifathalian, Kaveh Bentham, James Di Cesare, Mariachiara Danaei, Goodarz Bixby, Honor Cowan, Melanie J. Ali, Mohammed K. Taddei, Cristina Lo, Wei-Cheng Reis-Santos, Barbara Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Miranda, J. Jaime Bjerregaard, Peter Rivera, Juan A. Fouad, Heba M. Ma, Guansheng Mbanya, Jean Claude N. McGarvey, Stephen T. Mohan, Viswanathan Onat, Altan Ramachandran, Ambady Ben Romdhane, Habiba Paciorek, Christopher J. Bennett, James E. Ezzati, Majid Abdeen, Ziad A. Kadir, Khalid Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Adams, Robert Aekplakorn, Wichai Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemang, Charles Ahmadvand, Alireza Al-Othman, Amani Rashed Alkerwi, Ala'a Amouyel, Philippe Amuzu, Antoinette Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Aris, Tahir Arlappa, Nimmathota Arveiler, Dominique Assah, Felix K. Avdicova, Maria Azizi, Fereidoun Balakrishna, Nagalla Bandosz, Piotr Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Batieha, Anwar M. Baur, Louise A. Benet, Mikhail Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Bharadwaj, Sumit Bhargava, Santosh K. Bi, Yufang Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Boehm, Bernhard O. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bovet, Pascal Brajkovich, Imperia Breckenkamp, Juergen Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Brian, Garry R. Bruno, Graziella Bugge, Anna Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Can, Gunay Candido, Ana Paula C. Capuano, Vincenzo Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Maria J. Casanueva, Felipe F. Casas, Juan-Pablo Caserta, Carmelo A. Castetbon, Katia Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chaturvedi, Nishi Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Shuohua Cheng, Ching-Yu Chetrit, Angela Chiou, Shu-Ti Cho, Yumi Chudek, Jerzy Cifkova, Renata Claessens, Frank Concin, Hans Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Crujeiras, Ana B. D'Arrigo, Graziella Dallongeville, Jean Dankner, Rachel Dauchet, Luc de Gaetano, Giovanni De Henauw, Stefaan Deepa, Mohan Dehghan, Abbas Deschamps, Valerie Dhana, Klodian Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Djalalinia, Shirin Doua, Kouamelan Drygas, Wojciech Du, Yong Dzerve, Vilnis Egbagbe, Eruke E. Eggertsen, Robert El Ati, Jalila Elosua, Roberto Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erem, Cihangir Ergor, Gul Eriksen, Louise Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge Fall, Caroline H. Farzadfar, Farshad Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrari, Marika Ferreccio, Catterina Feskens, Edith J. M. Finn, Joseph D. Foeger, Bernhard Foo, Leng Huat Forslund, Ann-Sofie Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Pinho [UNIFESP] Franco, Oscar H. Frontera, Guillermo Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gates, Louise Geleijnse, Johanna M. Ghasemian, Anoosheh Ghimire, Anup Giampaoli, Simona Gianfagna, Francesco Giovannelli, Jonathan Giwercman, Aleksander Gonzalez Gross, Marcela Gonzalez Rivas, Juan P. Bonet Gorbea, Mariano Gottrand, Frederic Grafnetter, Dusan Grodzicki, Tomasz Grontved, Anders Gruden, Grabriella Gu, Dongfeng Guan, Ong Peng Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gutierrez, Laura Hambleton, Ian R. Hardy, Rebecca Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hata, Jun Heidemann, Christin Herrala, Sauli Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hofman, Albert Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yang Hussieni, Abdullatif S. Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibrahim, M. Mohsen Ikeda, Nayu Ikram, M. Arfan Irazola, Vilma E. Islam, Muhammad Iwasaki, Masanori Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jafar, Tazeen Jamil, Kazi M. Jasienska, Grazyna Jiang, Chao Qiang Jonas, Jost B. Joshi, Pradeep Kafatos, Anthony Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kasaeian, Amir Katz, Joanne Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kelishadi, Roya Kengne, Andre P. Kersting, Mathilde Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalili, Davood Khang, Young-Ho Kiechl, Stefan Kim, Jeongseon Kolsteren, Patrick Kratzer, Wolfgang Kromhout, Daan Kujala, Urho M. Kula, Krzysztof Kyobutungi, Catherine Laatikainen, Tiina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Laxmaiah, Avula Leclercq, Catherine Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehtimaki, Terho Lekhraj, Rampal Leon-Munoz, Luz M. Li, Yanping Lim, Wei-Yen Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. Lin, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lissner, Lauren Lorbeer, Roberto Eugenio Lozano, Jose Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lytsy, Per Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machi, Suka Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Makdisse, Marcia Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Manios, Yannis Manzato, Enzo Margozzini, Paula Marques-Vidal, Pedro Martorell, Reynaldo Masoodi, Shariq R. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Matsha, Tandi E. McFarlane, Shelly R. McLachlan, Stela McNulty, Breige A. Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia Meirhaeghe, Aline Menezes, Ana Maria B. Merat, Shahin Meshram, Indrapal I. Mi, Jie Francisco Miquel, Juan Jaime Miranda, J. Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadifard, Noushin Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Moller, Niels C. Molnar, Denes Mondo, Charles K. Morejon, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mostafa, Aya Mota, Jorge Motta, Jorge Mu, Thet Thet Muiesan, Maria Lorenza Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina Mursu, Jaakko Nagel, Gabriele Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba Nenko, Ilona Nervi, Flavio Nguyen, Nguyen D. Quang Ngoc Nguyen Nieto-Martinez, Ramfi S. E. Ning, Guang Ninomiya, Toshiharu Noale, Marianna Noto, Davide Al Nsour, Mohannad Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M. Oh, Kyungwon Ordunez, Pedro Osmond, Clive Otero, Johanna A. Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Pahomova, Elena Palmieri, Luigi Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Panza, Francesco Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Peters, Annette Peykari, Niloofar Son Thai Pham Pilav, Aida Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Piwonski, Jerzy Plans-Rubio, Pedro Porta, Miquel Portegies, Marileen L. P. Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Price, Jacqueline F. Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahman, Mahmudur Raitakari, Olli Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramke, Jacqueline Ramos, Rafel Rampal, Sanjay Rathmann, Wolfgang Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Rigo, Fernando Robinson, Sian M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Ronkainen, Kimmo Rosengren, Annika Rubinstein, Adolfo Rui, Ornelas Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Russo Horimoto, Andrea R. V. Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sachdev, Harshpal S. Saidi, Olfa Sakarya, Sibel Salanave, Benoit Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Santos, Diana dos Santos, Renata Nunes Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Saum, Kai-Uwe Scazufca, Marcia Schargrodsky, Herman Scheidt-Nave, Christa Sein, Aye Aye Sharma, Sanjb K. Shaw, Jonathan E. Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Youchan Shiri, Rahman Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. Simon, Mary Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjostrom, Michael Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam Snijder, Marieke B. So, Hung-Kwan Sobngwi, Eugene Soderberg, Stefan Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Sonestedt, Emily Soumare, Aicha Staessen, Jan A. Stathopoulou, Maria G. Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stessman, Jochanan Stoeckl, Doris Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Louzada [UNIFESP] Sun, Chien-An Sundstrom, Johan Sung, Yn-Tz Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sy, Rody G. Tai, E. Shyong Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tang, Line Tarawneh, Mohammed Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Taylor, Anne Theobald, Holger Thijs, Lutgarde Thuesen, Betina H. Tolonen, Hanna K. Tolstrup, Janne S. Topbas, Murat Torrent, Maties Traissac, Pierre Trinh, Oanh T. H. Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Turley, Maria L. Tzourio, Christophe Ueda, Peter Ukoli, Flora A. M. Ulmer, Hanno Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Valdivia, Gonzalo Valvi, Damaskini van Rossem, Lenie van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Vanderschueren, Dirk Vanuzzo, Diego Vega, Tomas Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Veronesi, Giovanni Verschuren, W. M. Monique Verstraeten, Roosmarijn Viet, Lucie Vioque, Jesus Virtanen, Jyrki K. Viswanathan, Bharathi Vollenweider, Peter Voutilainen, Sari Vrijheid, Martine Wade, Alisha N. Wagner, Aline Walton, Janette Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Wang, Feng Wang, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wannamethee, S. Goya Weerasekera, Deepa Whincup, Peter H. Widhalm, Kurt Wijga, Alet H. Wilks, Rainford J. Willeit, Johann Wilsgaard, Tom Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wong, Tien Yin Woo, Jean Woodward, Mark Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Shou Ling Xu, Haiquan Yan, Weili Yang, Xiaoguang Ye, Xingwang Yoshihara, Akihiro Younger-Coleman, Novie O. Zambon, Sabina Zargar, Abdul Hamid Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zhao, Wenhua Zheng, Yingfeng Zuniga Cisneros, Julio |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Lu, Yuan Hajifathalian, Kaveh Bentham, James Di Cesare, Mariachiara Danaei, Goodarz Bixby, Honor Cowan, Melanie J. Ali, Mohammed K. Taddei, Cristina Lo, Wei-Cheng Reis-Santos, Barbara Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Miranda, J. Jaime Bjerregaard, Peter Rivera, Juan A. Fouad, Heba M. Ma, Guansheng Mbanya, Jean Claude N. McGarvey, Stephen T. Mohan, Viswanathan Onat, Altan Ramachandran, Ambady Ben Romdhane, Habiba Paciorek, Christopher J. Bennett, James E. Ezzati, Majid Abdeen, Ziad A. Kadir, Khalid Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Adams, Robert Aekplakorn, Wichai Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemang, Charles Ahmadvand, Alireza Al-Othman, Amani Rashed Alkerwi, Ala'a Amouyel, Philippe Amuzu, Antoinette Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Aris, Tahir Arlappa, Nimmathota Arveiler, Dominique Assah, Felix K. Avdicova, Maria Azizi, Fereidoun Balakrishna, Nagalla Bandosz, Piotr Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Batieha, Anwar M. Baur, Louise A. Benet, Mikhail Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Bharadwaj, Sumit Bhargava, Santosh K. Bi, Yufang Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Boehm, Bernhard O. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bovet, Pascal Brajkovich, Imperia Breckenkamp, Juergen Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Brian, Garry R. Bruno, Graziella Bugge, Anna Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Can, Gunay Candido, Ana Paula C. Capuano, Vincenzo Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Maria J. Casanueva, Felipe F. Casas, Juan-Pablo Caserta, Carmelo A. Castetbon, Katia Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chaturvedi, Nishi Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Shuohua Cheng, Ching-Yu Chetrit, Angela Chiou, Shu-Ti Cho, Yumi Chudek, Jerzy Cifkova, Renata Claessens, Frank Concin, Hans Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Crujeiras, Ana B. D'Arrigo, Graziella Dallongeville, Jean Dankner, Rachel Dauchet, Luc de Gaetano, Giovanni De Henauw, Stefaan Deepa, Mohan Dehghan, Abbas Deschamps, Valerie Dhana, Klodian Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Djalalinia, Shirin Doua, Kouamelan Drygas, Wojciech Du, Yong Dzerve, Vilnis Egbagbe, Eruke E. Eggertsen, Robert El Ati, Jalila Elosua, Roberto Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erem, Cihangir Ergor, Gul Eriksen, Louise Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge Fall, Caroline H. Farzadfar, Farshad Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrari, Marika Ferreccio, Catterina Feskens, Edith J. M. Finn, Joseph D. Foeger, Bernhard Foo, Leng Huat Forslund, Ann-Sofie Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Pinho [UNIFESP] Franco, Oscar H. Frontera, Guillermo Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gates, Louise Geleijnse, Johanna M. Ghasemian, Anoosheh Ghimire, Anup Giampaoli, Simona Gianfagna, Francesco Giovannelli, Jonathan Giwercman, Aleksander Gonzalez Gross, Marcela Gonzalez Rivas, Juan P. Bonet Gorbea, Mariano Gottrand, Frederic Grafnetter, Dusan Grodzicki, Tomasz Grontved, Anders Gruden, Grabriella Gu, Dongfeng Guan, Ong Peng Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gutierrez, Laura Hambleton, Ian R. Hardy, Rebecca Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hata, Jun Heidemann, Christin Herrala, Sauli Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hofman, Albert Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yang Hussieni, Abdullatif S. Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibrahim, M. Mohsen Ikeda, Nayu Ikram, M. Arfan Irazola, Vilma E. Islam, Muhammad Iwasaki, Masanori Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jafar, Tazeen Jamil, Kazi M. Jasienska, Grazyna Jiang, Chao Qiang Jonas, Jost B. Joshi, Pradeep Kafatos, Anthony Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kasaeian, Amir Katz, Joanne Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kelishadi, Roya Kengne, Andre P. Kersting, Mathilde Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalili, Davood Khang, Young-Ho Kiechl, Stefan Kim, Jeongseon Kolsteren, Patrick Kratzer, Wolfgang Kromhout, Daan Kujala, Urho M. Kula, Krzysztof Kyobutungi, Catherine Laatikainen, Tiina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Laxmaiah, Avula Leclercq, Catherine Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehtimaki, Terho Lekhraj, Rampal Leon-Munoz, Luz M. Li, Yanping Lim, Wei-Yen Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. Lin, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lissner, Lauren Lorbeer, Roberto Eugenio Lozano, Jose Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lytsy, Per Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machi, Suka Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Makdisse, Marcia Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Manios, Yannis Manzato, Enzo Margozzini, Paula Marques-Vidal, Pedro Martorell, Reynaldo Masoodi, Shariq R. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Matsha, Tandi E. McFarlane, Shelly R. McLachlan, Stela McNulty, Breige A. Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia Meirhaeghe, Aline Menezes, Ana Maria B. Merat, Shahin Meshram, Indrapal I. Mi, Jie Francisco Miquel, Juan Jaime Miranda, J. Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadifard, Noushin Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Moller, Niels C. Molnar, Denes Mondo, Charles K. Morejon, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mostafa, Aya Mota, Jorge Motta, Jorge Mu, Thet Thet Muiesan, Maria Lorenza Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina Mursu, Jaakko Nagel, Gabriele Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba Nenko, Ilona Nervi, Flavio Nguyen, Nguyen D. Quang Ngoc Nguyen Nieto-Martinez, Ramfi S. E. Ning, Guang Ninomiya, Toshiharu Noale, Marianna Noto, Davide Al Nsour, Mohannad Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M. Oh, Kyungwon Ordunez, Pedro Osmond, Clive Otero, Johanna A. Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Pahomova, Elena Palmieri, Luigi Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Panza, Francesco Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Peters, Annette Peykari, Niloofar Son Thai Pham Pilav, Aida Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Piwonski, Jerzy Plans-Rubio, Pedro Porta, Miquel Portegies, Marileen L. P. Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Price, Jacqueline F. Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahman, Mahmudur Raitakari, Olli Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramke, Jacqueline Ramos, Rafel Rampal, Sanjay Rathmann, Wolfgang Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Rigo, Fernando Robinson, Sian M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Ronkainen, Kimmo Rosengren, Annika Rubinstein, Adolfo Rui, Ornelas Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Russo Horimoto, Andrea R. V. Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sachdev, Harshpal S. Saidi, Olfa Sakarya, Sibel Salanave, Benoit Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Santos, Diana dos Santos, Renata Nunes Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Saum, Kai-Uwe Scazufca, Marcia Schargrodsky, Herman Scheidt-Nave, Christa Sein, Aye Aye Sharma, Sanjb K. Shaw, Jonathan E. Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Youchan Shiri, Rahman Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. Simon, Mary Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjostrom, Michael Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam Snijder, Marieke B. So, Hung-Kwan Sobngwi, Eugene Soderberg, Stefan Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Sonestedt, Emily Soumare, Aicha Staessen, Jan A. Stathopoulou, Maria G. Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stessman, Jochanan Stoeckl, Doris Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Louzada [UNIFESP] Sun, Chien-An Sundstrom, Johan Sung, Yn-Tz Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sy, Rody G. Tai, E. Shyong Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tang, Line Tarawneh, Mohammed Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Taylor, Anne Theobald, Holger Thijs, Lutgarde Thuesen, Betina H. Tolonen, Hanna K. Tolstrup, Janne S. Topbas, Murat Torrent, Maties Traissac, Pierre Trinh, Oanh T. H. Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Turley, Maria L. Tzourio, Christophe Ueda, Peter Ukoli, Flora A. M. Ulmer, Hanno Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Valdivia, Gonzalo Valvi, Damaskini van Rossem, Lenie van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Vanderschueren, Dirk Vanuzzo, Diego Vega, Tomas Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Veronesi, Giovanni Verschuren, W. M. Monique Verstraeten, Roosmarijn Viet, Lucie Vioque, Jesus Virtanen, Jyrki K. Viswanathan, Bharathi Vollenweider, Peter Voutilainen, Sari Vrijheid, Martine Wade, Alisha N. Wagner, Aline Walton, Janette Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Wang, Feng Wang, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wannamethee, S. Goya Weerasekera, Deepa Whincup, Peter H. Widhalm, Kurt Wijga, Alet H. Wilks, Rainford J. Willeit, Johann Wilsgaard, Tom Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wong, Tien Yin Woo, Jean Woodward, Mark Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Shou Ling Xu, Haiquan Yan, Weili Yang, Xiaoguang Ye, Xingwang Yoshihara, Akihiro Younger-Coleman, Novie O. Zambon, Sabina Zargar, Abdul Hamid Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zhao, Wenhua Zheng, Yingfeng Zuniga Cisneros, Julio |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Zhou, Bin Lu, Yuan Hajifathalian, Kaveh Bentham, James Di Cesare, Mariachiara Danaei, Goodarz Bixby, Honor Cowan, Melanie J. Ali, Mohammed K. Taddei, Cristina Lo, Wei-Cheng Reis-Santos, Barbara Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Miranda, J. Jaime Bjerregaard, Peter Rivera, Juan A. Fouad, Heba M. Ma, Guansheng Mbanya, Jean Claude N. McGarvey, Stephen T. Mohan, Viswanathan Onat, Altan Ramachandran, Ambady Ben Romdhane, Habiba Paciorek, Christopher J. Bennett, James E. Ezzati, Majid Abdeen, Ziad A. Kadir, Khalid Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Adams, Robert Aekplakorn, Wichai Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemang, Charles Ahmadvand, Alireza Al-Othman, Amani Rashed Alkerwi, Ala'a Amouyel, Philippe Amuzu, Antoinette Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Aris, Tahir Arlappa, Nimmathota Arveiler, Dominique Assah, Felix K. Avdicova, Maria Azizi, Fereidoun Balakrishna, Nagalla Bandosz, Piotr Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Batieha, Anwar M. Baur, Louise A. Ben Romdhane, Habiba Benet, Mikhail Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Bharadwaj, Sumit Bhargava, Santosh K. Bi, Yufang Bjerregaard, Peter Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Boehm, Bernhard O. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bovet, Pascal Brajkovich, Imperia Breckenkamp, Juergen Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Brian, Garry R. Bruno, Graziella Bugge, Anna Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Can, Gunay Candido, Ana Paula C. Capuano, Vincenzo Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Maria J. Casanueva, Felipe F. Casas, Juan-Pablo Caserta, Carmelo A. Castetbon, Katia Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chaturvedi, Nishi Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Shuohua Cheng, Ching-Yu Chetrit, Angela Chiou, Shu-Ti Cho, Yumi Chudek, Jerzy Cifkova, Renata Claessens, Frank Concin, Hans Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Crujeiras, Ana B. D'Arrigo, Graziella Dallongeville, Jean Dankner, Rachel Dauchet, Luc de Gaetano, Giovanni De Henauw, Stefaan Deepa, Mohan Dehghan, Abbas Deschamps, Valerie Dhana, Klodian Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Djalalinia, Shirin Doua, Kouamelan Drygas, Wojciech Du, Yong Dzerve, Vilnis Egbagbe, Eruke E. Eggertsen, Robert El Ati, Jalila Elosua, Roberto Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erem, Cihangir Ergor, Gul Eriksen, Louise Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge Fall, Caroline H. Farzadfar, Farshad Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrari, Marika Ferreccio, Catterina Feskens, Edith J. M. Finn, Joseph D. Foeger, Bernhard Foo, Leng Huat Forslund, Ann-Sofie Fouad, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Pinho [UNIFESP] Franco, Oscar H. Frontera, Guillermo Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gates, Louise Geleijnse, Johanna M. Ghasemian, Anoosheh Ghimire, Anup Giampaoli, Simona Gianfagna, Francesco Giovannelli, Jonathan Giwercman, Aleksander Gonzalez Gross, Marcela Gonzalez Rivas, Juan P. Bonet Gorbea, Mariano Gottrand, Frederic Grafnetter, Dusan Grodzicki, Tomasz Grontved, Anders Gruden, Grabriella Gu, Dongfeng Guan, Ong Peng Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gutierrez, Laura Hambleton, Ian R. Hardy, Rebecca Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hata, Jun Heidemann, Christin Herrala, Sauli Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hofman, Albert Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yang Hussieni, Abdullatif S. Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibrahim, M. Mohsen Ikeda, Nayu Ikram, M. Arfan Irazola, Vilma E. Islam, Muhammad Iwasaki, Masanori Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jafar, Tazeen Jamil, Kazi M. Jasienska, Grazyna Jiang, Chao Qiang Jonas, Jost B. Joshi, Pradeep Kafatos, Anthony Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kasaeian, Amir Katz, Joanne Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kelishadi, Roya Kengne, Andre P. Kersting, Mathilde Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalili, Davood Khang, Young-Ho Kiechl, Stefan Kim, Jeongseon Kolsteren, Patrick Kratzer, Wolfgang Kromhout, Daan Kujala, Urho M. Kula, Krzysztof Kyobutungi, Catherine Laatikainen, Tiina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Laxmaiah, Avula Leclercq, Catherine Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehtimaki, Terho Lekhraj, Rampal Leon-Munoz, Luz M. Li, Yanping Lim, Wei-Yen Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. Lin, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lissner, Lauren Lorbeer, Roberto Eugenio Lozano, Jose Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lytsy, Per Ma, Guansheng Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machi, Suka Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Makdisse, Marcia Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Manios, Yannis Manzato, Enzo Margozzini, Paula Marques-Vidal, Pedro Martorell, Reynaldo Masoodi, Shariq R. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Matsha, Tandi E. Mbanya, Jean Claude N. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McLachlan, Stela McNulty, Breige A. Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia Meirhaeghe, Aline Menezes, Ana Maria B. Merat, Shahin Meshram, Indrapal I. Mi, Jie Francisco Miquel, Juan Jaime Miranda, J. Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohan, Viswanathan Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Moller, Niels C. Molnar, Denes Mondo, Charles K. Morejon, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mostafa, Aya Mota, Jorge Motta, Jorge Mu, Thet Thet Muiesan, Maria Lorenza Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina Mursu, Jaakko Nagel, Gabriele Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba Nenko, Ilona Nervi, Flavio Nguyen, Nguyen D. Quang Ngoc Nguyen Nieto-Martinez, Ramfi S. E. Ning, Guang Ninomiya, Toshiharu Noale, Marianna Noto, Davide Al Nsour, Mohannad Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M. Oh, Kyungwon Onat, Altan Ordunez, Pedro Osmond, Clive Otero, Johanna A. Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Pahomova, Elena Palmieri, Luigi Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Panza, Francesco Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Peters, Annette Peykari, Niloofar Son Thai Pham Pilav, Aida Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Piwonski, Jerzy Plans-Rubio, Pedro Porta, Miquel Portegies, Marileen L. P. Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Price, Jacqueline F. Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahman, Mahmudur Raitakari, Olli Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramachandran, Ambady Ramke, Jacqueline Ramos, Rafel Rampal, Sanjay Rathmann, Wolfgang Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Rigo, Fernando Robinson, Sian M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Ronkainen, Kimmo Rosengren, Annika Rubinstein, Adolfo Rui, Ornelas Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Russo Horimoto, Andrea R. V. Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sachdev, Harshpal S. Saidi, Olfa Sakarya, Sibel Salanave, Benoit Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Santos, Diana dos Santos, Renata Nunes Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Saum, Kai-Uwe Scazufca, Marcia Schargrodsky, Herman Scheidt-Nave, Christa Sein, Aye Aye Sharma, Sanjb K. Shaw, Jonathan E. Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Youchan Shiri, Rahman Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. Simon, Mary Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjostrom, Michael Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam Snijder, Marieke B. So, Hung-Kwan Sobngwi, Eugene Soderberg, Stefan Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Sonestedt, Emily Soumare, Aicha Staessen, Jan A. Stathopoulou, Maria G. Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stessman, Jochanan Stoeckl, Doris Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Louzada [UNIFESP] Sun, Chien-An Sundstrom, Johan Sung, Yn-Tz Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sy, Rody G. Tai, E. Shyong Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tang, Line Tarawneh, Mohammed Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Taylor, Anne Theobald, Holger Thijs, Lutgarde Thuesen, Betina H. Tolonen, Hanna K. Tolstrup, Janne S. Topbas, Murat Torrent, Maties Traissac, Pierre Trinh, Oanh T. H. Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Turley, Maria L. Tzourio, Christophe Ueda, Peter Ukoli, Flora A. M. Ulmer, Hanno Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Valdivia, Gonzalo Valvi, Damaskini van Rossem, Lenie van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Vanderschueren, Dirk Vanuzzo, Diego Vega, Tomas Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Veronesi, Giovanni Verschuren, W. M. Monique Verstraeten, Roosmarijn Viet, Lucie Vioque, Jesus Virtanen, Jyrki K. Viswanathan, Bharathi Vollenweider, Peter Voutilainen, Sari Vrijheid, Martine Wade, Alisha N. Wagner, Aline Walton, Janette Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Wang, Feng Wang, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wannamethee, S. Goya Weerasekera, Deepa Whincup, Peter H. Widhalm, Kurt Wijga, Alet H. Wilks, Rainford J. Willeit, Johann Wilsgaard, Tom Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wong, Tien Yin Woo, Jean Woodward, Mark Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Shou Ling Xu, Haiquan Yan, Weili Yang, Xiaoguang Ye, Xingwang Yoshihara, Akihiro Younger-Coleman, Novie O. Zambon, Sabina Zargar, Abdul Hamid Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zhao, Wenhua Zheng, Yingfeng Zuniga Cisneros, Julio |
description |
Background One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. Methods We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. Findings We used data from 751 studies including 4 372 000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. Interpretation Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Funding Wellcome Trust. Copyright (C) NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016 2020-07-22T13:23:08Z 2020-07-22T13:23:08Z |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8 Lancet. New York, v. 387, n. 10027, p. 1513-1530, 2016. 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8 WOS000373741600028.pdf 0140-6736 https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/56055 WOS:000373741600028 |
dc.identifier.dark.fl_str_mv |
ark:/48912/0013000016fjt |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8 https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/56055 |
identifier_str_mv |
Lancet. New York, v. 387, n. 10027, p. 1513-1530, 2016. 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8 WOS000373741600028.pdf 0140-6736 WOS:000373741600028 ark:/48912/0013000016fjt |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Lancet |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
1513-1530 application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
New York |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier Science Inc |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier Science Inc |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP instname:Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) instacron:UNIFESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) |
instacron_str |
UNIFESP |
institution |
UNIFESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
biblioteca.csp@unifesp.br |
_version_ |
1822223672771870720 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8 |