Efeito das toxinas de animais venenosos sobre a fauna marinha: uma revisão

• Autor(a) principal: Aguiar, Lorena Rodrigues Pereira de [UNIFESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/66255
• topic: Saxitoxina; Brevetoxina; Ácido domóico; Epizootias; Florações nocivas; Saxitoxin; Brevetoxin; Domoic acid; Epizooties; HABS

Poisonous marine animals concentrate toxins inducing poisoning during flowering periods of diatoms and dinoflagellates. This review evaluated reports of animal poisoning during blooms around the world, from 1946 to 2021, which caused deaths and harmful effects on marine fauna, analyzing trophic chains and knowledge about the mechanisms of protection against toxins developed by poisonous animals. Among the poisonings evaluated, neurotoxic due to brevetoxins, paralytic due to saxitoxins and amnesic due to domoic acids were responsible for 99% of the 5,041 deaths recorded in marine fauna. Neurotoxic poisoning caused 2,263 deaths (44.9%) in 10 species (spp). Brevetoxins, transferred by bivalves, crustaceans and various poisonous fish, induced the death of 800 bottlenose dolphins, 768 manatees, 360 cormorants and 167 sea turtles. Paralytic poisoning caused 1,841 deaths (36.5%) in 29 spp, mainly birds (18 spp). Saxitoxins led to the death of 883 sea turtles, 677 birds, 202 seals, 34 otters, 15 whales, 10 belugas and 7 porpoises, through the consumption of bivalves, gastropods, crustaceans, cephalopods and poisonous fish. Amnesic poisoning caused 883 deaths (17.5%) in only 6 spp. Domoics acids, transferred by bivalves, crustaceans, fish and cephalopods, caused the death of 301 sea lions, 260 pelicans, 130 otters, 75 seals and 33 fur seals. The impact of these epizootics, especially on turtles and marine mammals, highlights the need for further studies and the implementation of environmental monitoring and protection measures in the most susceptible places and species.