Oligossacarídeos do leite humano : relação com as características socioambientais, genéticas, presença de doença alérgica materna e com a microbiota fecal do lactente

• Autor(a) principal: Tonon, Karina Merini [UNIFESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP
• Texto Completo: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=5298303; http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/50610
• topic: Oligosaccharides; Human milk; Feca microbiotica; Oligossacarídeos; Leite humano; Microbiota fecal

Introduction: The composition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) is highly variable in the population. The prebiotic effects of HMOs appear to be exerted by specific molecules on certain bacteria of the infant gut microbiota and may be influenced by the variability of HMOs composition. Objective: To investigate the composition of HMOs and their relationship with socioenvironmental and genetic characteristics, maternal allergic disease and with the infant fecal microbiota. Methods: 78 mother-infant pairs in exclusive breastfeeding were recruited. Clinical data of the nursing mother and infant were obtained from the medical records and with the aid of questionnaires. The presence of allergic disease in the mother was diagnosed by the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire. The socioeconomic level of the family was established according to the criteria of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa). Human milk (HM) samples (n = 78) and infant feces samples (n = 54) were obtained from the mother-infant pairs. HM samples were analyzed for the concentration of 16 HMOs by LC-MS and the infant feces samples were analyzed for the concentration of 16 microorganisms by qPCR. The presence of α1-2 fucosylated HMOs in HM was used to determine the secretor phenotype of the mother. Results: Of the 78 nursing mothers, 87% were secretors and 13% were non-secretors. HM from secretors and non-secretors presented significant differences in the HMO profile and a high variability was observed in the HMO composition of mothers with the same secretor phenotype. Weight, BMI and nutritional status of the mother were associated with HMOs concentration. Allergic disease and socioeconomic level were not associated with HMOs concentration. Negative correlations were observed between HMOs and infant weight gain. There were no differences in the microbiota composition of infants from secretor and non-secretor mothers, but positive and negative correlations were observed among several HMOs and microorganisms from the infant feces. Conclusion: Weight, BMI and nutritional status are associated with HMOs concentration. Despite the quantitative and qualitative differences in the ingested HMOs, infants breastfed by secretor and non-secretor mothers do not have differences in the fecal microbiota composition.