Suicídio entre adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, métodos utilizados e sua relação entre os indicadores socioeconômicos no Brasil: um estudo ecológico e retrospectivo.

• Autor(a) principal: Jaen Varas, Denisse Claudia [UNIFESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP
• Texto Completo: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=7689491; https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/59524
• topic: Adolescent; Suicide; Socioeconomic Factors; Unemployment; Inequality; Mental Health; Prevention; Adolescente; Suicídio; Fatores Socioeconômicos; Desemprego; Prevenção

Introduction:In Brazil, suicide ranks among the leading causes of death in young people, ranking fourth for 15- to 29-year-olds, there are striking gender differences in suicide rates. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among males (9.0 per 100,000 people each year) and the eighth leading cause among females (2.4 per 100,000 people each year). Main objective:Suicide rates among Brazilian adolescents have increased in recent years. Obtaining a better understanding of the methods adolescents use for suicide, and whether these methods have changed in recent years, may inform future preventive measures. Specific objectives: Study 1: To examine suicide rates among adolescents from six large cities in Brazil and to analyze the relationship between adolescent suicide rates and socioeconomic indicators between 2006 and 2015. Study 2: The aim of this study was to describe the most commonly used methods of suicide among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in Brazil between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2015. Methods: This study employed a retrospective ecological design, for the period of 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2015. To be included in this study, data relating to the suicide methods used by adolescents in Brazil were collected according the chronological limits of adolescence. of 10- 19 years and by sex (male and female). Suicide methods were obtained from the Information Technology Department of the Public Health Care System (DATASUS) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health Study 1: Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the impact of socioeconomic factors – including social inequality and unemployment rates – on adolescent suicide rates. Study 2: In Brazil, suicide methods are registered using the International Classification of Disease 10th version (ICD-10) codes X60–X84, which indicate the main methods of suicide, and Y10–Y19, which indicate poisoning and exposure to substances with undetermined intent. Suicide methods were obtained from the DATASUS of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. xiv Results: Study 1: The rate of adolescent suicide increased by 24% over the course of the study period. Social inequality (assessed using the Gini index), was positively associated with overall adolescent suicide rates (β = 10.68; 95% CI = 2.32-19.05; p ≤ 0.012). After disaggregating the findings by age (10-14 and 15-19 years), social inequality was associated with suicide rate only for adolescents aged 15-19 years (β = 9.63; 95% CI = 2.31-16.96; p ≤ 0.005). Disaggregating these findings by sex, the association with economic variables became significant only among females. Males had a higher overall suicide rate than females, and the highest rate was observed in male adolescents aged 15-19 years. Higher levels of unemployment were associated with higher suicide rates. Study 2: 8026 suicides among Brazilian adolescents aged between 10–19 years were registered over the analyzed period. The most commonly used method of suicide by both sexes was hanging (2006= 54.9%; 2015= 70.3%). A relative increase was observed in males (2006= 62.9%; 2015= 72.3%), whereas a steeper increase was observed in females (2006= 39.27%; 2015= 65.82%). The proportional use of firearms (2006= 14.2%; 2015= 9.1%) and poisoning (2006= 13.3%; 2015= 9.2%) decreased over the period (-5.1% and -1.6% respectively). Conclusion: Study 1: Our findings suggest that socioeconomic indicators, particularly unemployment and social inequality, are relevant social determinants of suicide in adolescence. Study 2: The increase in hanging is worrisome, mostly regarding difficulties to impose access barriers and its high lethality. In such context, a comprehensive understanding of suicide behaviors among adolescents in Brazil should be drawn to inform general prevention measures and, more specifically, the reasons for the increase in hanging needs to be further investigated.