Polinização e herbivoria floral no gênero Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae) em área de cerrado de Uberlândia, MG

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Clébia Aparecida
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFU
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13390; https://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2013.77
• topic: Banisteriopsis malifolia; Banisteriopsis variabilis; Visitantes florais; Cerrado; Ecologia do cerrado; Polinização; Banisteriopsis; Floral visitors; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

The family Malpighiaceae is one of the most abundant in the Cerrado, and its species are known to offer pollen and floral oil for floral visitors. Phenological and morphological aspects may vary with the species and attract different groups of visitors, including their pollinating bees. The main objectives of this study were to compare phenological and morphological aspects between sympatric species of Banisteriopsis. Banisteriopsis malifolia and B. variabilis, record the interactions with pollinators and investigate the relationship between flowers and their pollinators and herbivores, estimating the influence of different levels of damage on floral fruiting. Data collection was conducted in an area of Cerrado in the Clube de Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia, from April 2011 to June 2012. Shrubs B. malifolia and B. variabilis were marked and observed to record the phenology monthly gathering flowers for measurements of their structures, test the presence and intensity of perfume and collection of floral visitors through insect nets and pan traps. The visitors were also collected in pantraps, simulating the presence of flowers after the end of flowering. We investigated the richness of bees and their preference among flowers, as well as the main insect florívoros. The intensity of natural damage between species and florivore effect on fruit set was investigated through simulation of three different levels of damage to the newly opened flowers and pre-bagged. In the control group the flowers remained intact, the only group only the mail petal remained in the flower, and in the group only the identical petals was maintened the fruit set was determined by counting the fruits produced. The two species showed bloom between the months of May and July, with little delay B. variabilis. Pollinators, herbivores, predators among other groups were recorded visiting flowers of both species and morphs. Morphometric differences seem to influence the rate of visitation. The morphotype petals light pink coloration of B. malifolia had greater number of viable grains (F 2 48 = 23.217, P <0.001), larger floral (F 2 58 = 53,547, P <0.001), greater diversity and abundance of pollinators and the presence of soft perfume. The proportion of natural damage the flowers varied between species (U = 393.5, N1 = 30, N2 = 15, P <0.005) but did not differ between morphotype petals bright pink and light pink B. malifolia. Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera were the main herbivores floral buttons found inside and on the flower petals. The experiment showed that florivoria bunch of flowers presented intact fruiting significantly higher compared to the other (F2, 27 = 35.413, P <0.001). Banisteriopsis malifolia and B. variabilis showed phenological characteristics very similar but differ in the floral morphology, including size, color, pollen viability, odor and reflectance of the petals, which resulted in the observation sets of pollinators and floral visitors with richness and abundance varied. The attractiveness reduced by damage to the petals represented a low visitation rate and consequently negatively affected the fruiting species.