Práticas alimentares de usuários de um Restaurante Universitário

• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Luciana Oliveira de
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFU
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12745; https://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2012.298
• topic: Práticas alimentares saudáveis; Restaurante universitário; Plano nacional de assistência estudantil; Alimentação e nutrição; Universitários; Ciências médicas; Nutrição; Estudantes universitários - Nutrição; Dietas; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - Estudantes - Nutrição; Healthy eating practices; University restaurant; The National Plan for Assistance Student; Food and nutrition; Students; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE

The healthy alimentation comprises an alimentary pattern suitable for the biological and social necessities of individuals, being fundamental for the attainment of a good health. A healthy alimentation must contain nutriments from all food groups responsible for the provision of energy and nutrients fundamental for a good nutrition, such as carbohydrate, protein, lipid, water, fiber, vitamins and minerals. The binomial alimentation and nutrition is present in the national legislation of the Federative Republic of Brazil. In the year of 2006, the Ministry of Health published the Alimentary Guide for the Brazilian Population, including oficial guidelines around the healthy alimentary practices for the population. On account of the importance of the student assistance as a strategy for the struggle against social and regional inequalities and enlargement and democratization of the conditions of access and permanency of young at the public superior education, the Ministry of Education (MEC) instituted, in 2007, the National Student Assistance Program (PNAES). Among the guidelines attended by PNAES, alimentation is one of the prioritary issue areas and focuses on the supply of meals for the students with low socioeconomic condition. This way, in the Institutions of Public Superior Education part of the financial resources of PNAES must be directed to the acquisition of alimentary genders that attend to a specific and balanced menu, previously elaborated by a nutritionist. Despite these considerations, until this moment, it wasn t possible for us to identify in the literature any study evaluating the conformity of the alimentary practices of UR with the recommendations advocated by the Alimentary Guide for the Brazilian Population. Considering the importance that healthy alimentary practices features to the attainment and maintenance of normal nutritional status and health, and also to the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases (NDC), the present study had as objective evaluate the alimentary practices of UR users from Federal University of Uberlândia (UR-FUU). After the determination of the sample of study, it was collected information related to the alimentary habits for the classification of UR-FUU users based on the ingestion or not of meat and derivates, and it was performed an evaluation utilizing the Test: how is your alimentation? , proposed by the Ministry of Health. In addition, it was requested the filling of the Alimentary Register of three days . On the final study analysis, it was included 364 individuals, being 340 students, and 24 administrative technical professionals. The users were distributed into strata, in accordance with the age group [(18 Ⱶ 20 years); (21 Ⱶ 24 years); (25 Ⱶ 29 years); (30 years or more)] and gender [198 men (54,4%) and 166 women (45,6%)]. Between users, 353 informed the consumption of meat and derivates and seven denied this possibility. In relation to the number of meals/snacks it was identified that the mode is concentrated in four meals per day. A total of 257 users (70,6%) consumed meats or eggs daily, in quantities superior than the recommended (only 27% of individuals performed the daily recommended consumption). In relation to the consumption of milk and derivates it was observed that 72 (19,8%) users performed the consumption in accordance with the recommended [270 users (74,1%) presented consumption inferior to the recommended]. In the analysis of the medium consumption of leguminous it was observed that 295 users (80,96%) performed the consumption in accordance with the recommended, with the variable mode located in the recommended quantity of leguminous. The recommended consumption of fruits and leguminous / vegetables was demonstrated for 132 (36,69%) and 136 (37,38%) users, respectively. Sixty and eight UR-FUU users (18,9%) related the addition of an extra quantity of chicken salt on food already prepared. In the analysis of the results of alimentary register (AR) (N=48) it was identified that the total caloric value (TCV) of the diet was superior than the recommended to the majority of UR-FUU users, being demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the consumption of energy between men and women (p=0,001). The values of the medium consumption of carbohydrate (277,05 g, 58% and 344,77 g, 55%), lipid (59,47 g, 28% and 77,52 g, 28%) and protein (77,59 g, 16% and 101,16 g, 16%) for women and men, respectively, are compatible with a balanced diet, with discreet increase in the medium amount of protein daily consumed. In the descriptive analysis of the alimentary consumption variables of UR-FUU users relative to vitamin A, it was observed a great variation between the minimum (164,13 μgEqRe/day; 0,23 times the reference value) and maximum values (26.327,36 μgEqRe/day; 37,61 times the reference value) in the consumption of this nutrient for both sex, however, with emphasis for women. The medium consumption value of folic acid for men (208,68 μg/day; 0,52 times the reference value) and for women (150,87 μg/day; 0,37 times the reference value) was inferior to the recommendation of the Institute of Medicine (2002). Minimum values very low was identified for men (69,17μg/day; 0,17 times the reference value) and for women (50,05 μg/day; 0,12 times the reference value). In relation to the daily medium consumption of vitamin C it was identified ingestion superior than the recommended with values of 274,20 mg/day and 129,64 mg/day for women and men, respectively. The daily medium consumption of vitamin E, thiamine and niacin presented values near the recommended ingestion. In relation to the distribution of minerals ingested by RU-FUU users it was observed that the daily medium consumption of iodine, zinc, iron and calcium was under the recommended value for 100%; 52,1%; 52,1% and 95,8%, respectively, of the population analyzed. The under recommended consumption of iron was significantly higher for women (p=0,000). Sodium was the single mineral analyzed that presented medium consumption above the recommended value (83,3% of analyzed population). Conclusion is that alimentary practices of RU-FUU users attend to the basic principles of macronutrients distribution among a balanced diet and number of meals, provides the regular and expressive consumption of leguminous, being, however, necessary to carry out orientation about excessive energy ingestion. In addition, although the quantity of protein ingested has values slightly above the recommendation, the daily ingestion of milk and derivates, and also of calcium, is inferior to the recommendation. The daily ingestion of fruits and leguminous / vegetables is inferior to the recommendation for the majority of UR-FUU users, being possible deduce that this alimentary practice is contributing to the low daily medium consumption of folic acid, iodine, zinc, iron and calcium. The habit of extra chicken salt addition to prepared food and the excessive consumption of sodium identified for the totality of UR-FUU users are altogether worrying. In synthesis, the PNAES and UR-FUU have contributed in a decisive way to the alimentary and nutritional security of the Federal University of Uberlândia community. However, effective and enduring corrective measures are necessary, in such a way that the alimentation supplied for RU-FUU users can contribute even more for the attainment and maintenance of their normal nutritional status and health, particularly in prevention and control of NDCs.