Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2012 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFU |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15188 |
Resumo: | Biodiesel is a potential substitute fuel to petroleum diesel due to issues related to energy and environmental demands. One of the critical stages of the production process of biodiesel is its purification. Conventionally, biodiesel is purified by successive washes with clean water. This process uses considerable amounts of water, what results in a high volume of effluent to be treated. The aim of this research was to evaluate the process of membrane filtration as an alternative for the biodiesel purification. The first step of this work was the production of biodiesel used for further purification. This production was performed by transesterification reaction using refined soybean oil as raw material. Biodiesel was then purified by two processes: by the traditional method (successive washings with water) and by the processes using membranes. A central composite design (CCD) was performed to evaluate the volume of water used and the temperature in the biofuel purification process by the conventional method of washing with water. According to the surface response obtained, it was possible to analyze the variables effects and to determine the minimization point, which represented 64 mL of water for 100 mL of biofuel and temperature of 49.6°C. The efficiency of ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes (polymeric and ceramic) in the biodiesel purification obtained by homogeneous catalysis via methylic route was also evaluated. Polymeric membranes of microfiltration, flat type, mixed cellulose ester with pore diameters of 0.22 and 0.30 μm, polymeric membranes of ultrafiltration, poly (ether sulfone), flat type, 10 and 30 kDa nominal MWCO and ceramic membranes of ultrafiltration, α-Al2O3/TiO2, tubular, 5 kDa. The polymeric membranes were evaluated in a module that uses the principle of perpendicular and the ceramic membrane filtration was evaluated in tangential filtration. In the process using membranes, all experiments were performed at room temperature. The microfiltration experiments were carried-out at two different transmembrane pressures, 1 and 2 bar. Experiments with ultrafiltration membranes were performed at a transmembrane pressure of of 4 bar. These pressures were chosen based on preliminary tests . The membrane performance was evaluated by the retention capacity of glycerin and by the values of permeate flows after stabilization. Besides filtrations of raw biodiesel, additional tests were performed with the addition of small amounts of water in raw biodiesel before filtration (in batch and continuous modules). These tests were performed with membranes, what showed better results in preliminary tests (polymeric of 10 kDa and ceramic of 5 kDa). Deionized water was added to the biodiesel sample in concentrations of 0,1 and 0,2% by weight. The amount of free glycerol dropped in all filtration performed. However, between the membranes discussed, the required level of free glycerin (0,02 wt%) was attained only with the 10 kDa membrane. The addition of small amounts of water significantly increased removal of glycerin and it fit the biodiesel into the legislation with regard to the content of glycerin. |
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2016-06-22T18:41:46Z2012-12-072016-06-22T18:41:46Z2012-07-27ALVES, Magno José. Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel. 2012. 90 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharias) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2012.https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15188Biodiesel is a potential substitute fuel to petroleum diesel due to issues related to energy and environmental demands. One of the critical stages of the production process of biodiesel is its purification. Conventionally, biodiesel is purified by successive washes with clean water. This process uses considerable amounts of water, what results in a high volume of effluent to be treated. The aim of this research was to evaluate the process of membrane filtration as an alternative for the biodiesel purification. The first step of this work was the production of biodiesel used for further purification. This production was performed by transesterification reaction using refined soybean oil as raw material. Biodiesel was then purified by two processes: by the traditional method (successive washings with water) and by the processes using membranes. A central composite design (CCD) was performed to evaluate the volume of water used and the temperature in the biofuel purification process by the conventional method of washing with water. According to the surface response obtained, it was possible to analyze the variables effects and to determine the minimization point, which represented 64 mL of water for 100 mL of biofuel and temperature of 49.6°C. The efficiency of ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes (polymeric and ceramic) in the biodiesel purification obtained by homogeneous catalysis via methylic route was also evaluated. Polymeric membranes of microfiltration, flat type, mixed cellulose ester with pore diameters of 0.22 and 0.30 μm, polymeric membranes of ultrafiltration, poly (ether sulfone), flat type, 10 and 30 kDa nominal MWCO and ceramic membranes of ultrafiltration, α-Al2O3/TiO2, tubular, 5 kDa. The polymeric membranes were evaluated in a module that uses the principle of perpendicular and the ceramic membrane filtration was evaluated in tangential filtration. In the process using membranes, all experiments were performed at room temperature. The microfiltration experiments were carried-out at two different transmembrane pressures, 1 and 2 bar. Experiments with ultrafiltration membranes were performed at a transmembrane pressure of of 4 bar. These pressures were chosen based on preliminary tests . The membrane performance was evaluated by the retention capacity of glycerin and by the values of permeate flows after stabilization. Besides filtrations of raw biodiesel, additional tests were performed with the addition of small amounts of water in raw biodiesel before filtration (in batch and continuous modules). These tests were performed with membranes, what showed better results in preliminary tests (polymeric of 10 kDa and ceramic of 5 kDa). Deionized water was added to the biodiesel sample in concentrations of 0,1 and 0,2% by weight. The amount of free glycerol dropped in all filtration performed. However, between the membranes discussed, the required level of free glycerin (0,02 wt%) was attained only with the 10 kDa membrane. The addition of small amounts of water significantly increased removal of glycerin and it fit the biodiesel into the legislation with regard to the content of glycerin.O biodiesel é um potencial combustível substituto ao diesel de petróleo devido às questões relacionadas com a demanda energética e aspectos ambientais. Uma das etapas críticas do processo produtivo do biodiesel é a sua purificação. Convencionalmente, o biodiesel é purificado por sucessivas lavagens com água limpa. Este processo, além de dispendioso, acarreta na geração de uma quantidade considerável de efluente a ser tratada. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi avaliar o processo de filtração por membranas como uma alternativa para a purificação de biodiesel. A primeira parte deste trabalho consistiu na produção do biodiesel utilizado para posterior purificação. Esta produção foi realizada por reação de transesterificação, tendo como matéria-prima óleo de soja refinado. O biodiesel produzido foi então purificado por dois processos: pela metodologia tradicional (lavagens sucessivas com água) e por processos utilizando membranas. Foi realizado um PCC para avaliação do volume de água gasto e da temperatura no processo de purificação do biodiesel pelo método convencional. Pela superfície de resposta foi possível realizar uma análise conjunta das variáveis e determinar o ponto de minimização que foi de um volume de água de 64 mL para 100 mL de biodiesel e temperatura de 49,6°C. A eficiência de membranas de microfiltração e ultrafiltração (poliméricas e cerâmicas) na purificação de biodiesel, obtido por catálise homogênea via rota metílica foi também avaliada. Foram utilizadas membranas poliméricas de microfiltração, planas, mistas de éster de celulose de diâmetros de poro de 0,22 e 0,30 μm, membranas poliméricas de ultrafiltração, de poli (éter-sulfona), planas, de 10 e 30 kDa nominal MWCO e membrana de ultrafiltração cerâmica, de α-Al2O3/TiO2, tubular, de 5 kDa. As membranas poliméricas foram avaliadas em um módulo que utiliza o princípio da filtração perpendicular e a membrana cerâmica foi avaliada em filtrações tangenciais. No processo utilizando membranas, todos os experimentos foram realizados a temperatura ambiente. Os experimentos de microfiltração foram realizados em duas pressões transmembranas diferentes, 1 e 2 bar. Para os testes com membranas de ultrafiltração foi utilizada uma pressão transmembrana de 4 bar. Estas pressões foram escolhidas com base em testes preliminares. O desempenho das membranas foi avaliado pela capacidade de retenção de glicerina e pelos valores de fluxos permeados após estabilização. Além das filtrações de biodiesel cru, testes adicionais foram realizados com a adição de pequenas quantidades de água no biodiesel cru antes da filtração (nos módulos batelada e contínuo). Estes testes foram realizados com as membranas que demonstraram melhores resultados nos testes preliminares (polimérica de 10 kDa e cerâmica de 5 kDa). Água deionizada foi adicionada à amostra de biodiesel em concentrações de 0,1 e 0,2% em peso. A quantidade de glicerina livre foi reduzida em todas as filtrações realizadas. Contudo, entre as membranas analisadas, o nível de glicerina livre exigido (0,02 % em massa) foi atingido apenas com a membrana de 10 kDa. A adição de pequenas quantidades de água aumentou significativamente a remoção da glicerina e enquadrou o biodiesel na legislação.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoMestre em Engenharia Químicaapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de UberlândiaPrograma de Pós-graduação em Engenharia QuímicaUFUBREngenhariasUltrafiltraçãoBiodiesel - PurificaçãoTransesterificaçãoReação de transesterificaçãoPurificação de biodieselLavagem de biodieselProcesso com membranaMicrofiltraçãoTransesterification reactionBiodiesel purificationBiodiesel washingMembrane processMicrofiltrationUltrafiltrationCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICAAvaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodieselinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisCardoso, Vicelma Luizhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787074J7Reis, Miria Hespanhol Mirandahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4773556J4Resende, Miriam Maria dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4703538D3Alicieo, Tatiana Valesca Rodriguezhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4424132E7Alves, Magno Joséinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFUinstname:Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)instacron:UFUTHUMBNAILAvaliacaoProcessosLavagem.pdf.jpgAvaliacaoProcessosLavagem.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1296https://repositorio.ufu.br/bitstream/123456789/15188/5/AvaliacaoProcessosLavagem.pdf.jpgc385d74b10a5a12e3a402e63b700a284MD55TEXTd.pdf.txtd.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain164114https://repositorio.ufu.br/bitstream/123456789/15188/2/d.pdf.txtefec061b09ae15f741a2f22940f51ba9MD52AvaliacaoProcessosLavagem.pdf.txtAvaliacaoProcessosLavagem.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain163703https://repositorio.ufu.br/bitstream/123456789/15188/4/AvaliacaoProcessosLavagem.pdf.txte186d65e7096b6f31d1d151bd22ef514MD54ORIGINALAvaliacaoProcessosLavagem.pdfAvaliacaoProcessosLavagem.pdfapplication/pdf1179115https://repositorio.ufu.br/bitstream/123456789/15188/3/AvaliacaoProcessosLavagem.pdf1b243e3db753d586b25a90608969365bMD53123456789/151882017-06-26 15:14:39.003oai:repositorio.ufu.br:123456789/15188Repositório InstitucionalONGhttp://repositorio.ufu.br/oai/requestdiinf@dirbi.ufu.bropendoar:2017-06-26T18:14:39Repositório Institucional da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel |
title |
Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel |
spellingShingle |
Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel Alves, Magno José Ultrafiltração Biodiesel - Purificação Transesterificação Reação de transesterificação Purificação de biodiesel Lavagem de biodiesel Processo com membrana Microfiltração Transesterification reaction Biodiesel purification Biodiesel washing Membrane process Microfiltration Ultrafiltration CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
title_short |
Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel |
title_full |
Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel |
title_fullStr |
Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel |
title_full_unstemmed |
Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel |
title_sort |
Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel |
author |
Alves, Magno José |
author_facet |
Alves, Magno José |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Cardoso, Vicelma Luiz |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787074J7 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Reis, Miria Hespanhol Miranda |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4773556J4 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Resende, Miriam Maria de |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4703538D3 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Alicieo, Tatiana Valesca Rodriguez |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4424132E7 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Alves, Magno José |
contributor_str_mv |
Cardoso, Vicelma Luiz Reis, Miria Hespanhol Miranda Resende, Miriam Maria de Alicieo, Tatiana Valesca Rodriguez |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ultrafiltração Biodiesel - Purificação Transesterificação Reação de transesterificação Purificação de biodiesel Lavagem de biodiesel Processo com membrana Microfiltração |
topic |
Ultrafiltração Biodiesel - Purificação Transesterificação Reação de transesterificação Purificação de biodiesel Lavagem de biodiesel Processo com membrana Microfiltração Transesterification reaction Biodiesel purification Biodiesel washing Membrane process Microfiltration Ultrafiltration CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Transesterification reaction Biodiesel purification Biodiesel washing Membrane process Microfiltration Ultrafiltration |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
description |
Biodiesel is a potential substitute fuel to petroleum diesel due to issues related to energy and environmental demands. One of the critical stages of the production process of biodiesel is its purification. Conventionally, biodiesel is purified by successive washes with clean water. This process uses considerable amounts of water, what results in a high volume of effluent to be treated. The aim of this research was to evaluate the process of membrane filtration as an alternative for the biodiesel purification. The first step of this work was the production of biodiesel used for further purification. This production was performed by transesterification reaction using refined soybean oil as raw material. Biodiesel was then purified by two processes: by the traditional method (successive washings with water) and by the processes using membranes. A central composite design (CCD) was performed to evaluate the volume of water used and the temperature in the biofuel purification process by the conventional method of washing with water. According to the surface response obtained, it was possible to analyze the variables effects and to determine the minimization point, which represented 64 mL of water for 100 mL of biofuel and temperature of 49.6°C. The efficiency of ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes (polymeric and ceramic) in the biodiesel purification obtained by homogeneous catalysis via methylic route was also evaluated. Polymeric membranes of microfiltration, flat type, mixed cellulose ester with pore diameters of 0.22 and 0.30 μm, polymeric membranes of ultrafiltration, poly (ether sulfone), flat type, 10 and 30 kDa nominal MWCO and ceramic membranes of ultrafiltration, α-Al2O3/TiO2, tubular, 5 kDa. The polymeric membranes were evaluated in a module that uses the principle of perpendicular and the ceramic membrane filtration was evaluated in tangential filtration. In the process using membranes, all experiments were performed at room temperature. The microfiltration experiments were carried-out at two different transmembrane pressures, 1 and 2 bar. Experiments with ultrafiltration membranes were performed at a transmembrane pressure of of 4 bar. These pressures were chosen based on preliminary tests . The membrane performance was evaluated by the retention capacity of glycerin and by the values of permeate flows after stabilization. Besides filtrations of raw biodiesel, additional tests were performed with the addition of small amounts of water in raw biodiesel before filtration (in batch and continuous modules). These tests were performed with membranes, what showed better results in preliminary tests (polymeric of 10 kDa and ceramic of 5 kDa). Deionized water was added to the biodiesel sample in concentrations of 0,1 and 0,2% by weight. The amount of free glycerol dropped in all filtration performed. However, between the membranes discussed, the required level of free glycerin (0,02 wt%) was attained only with the 10 kDa membrane. The addition of small amounts of water significantly increased removal of glycerin and it fit the biodiesel into the legislation with regard to the content of glycerin. |
publishDate |
2012 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2012-12-07 2016-06-22T18:41:46Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2012-07-27 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2016-06-22T18:41:46Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
ALVES, Magno José. Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel. 2012. 90 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharias) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2012. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15188 |
identifier_str_mv |
ALVES, Magno José. Avaliação dos processos de lavagem com água e de filtração por membranas na purificação de biodiesel. 2012. 90 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharias) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2012. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15188 |
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por |
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por |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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Universidade Federal de Uberlândia |
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Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química |
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UFU |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
BR |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Engenharias |
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Universidade Federal de Uberlândia |
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