Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFU |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/26739 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340 |
Resumo: | The ecological niche of the species is composed of all the biotic and abiotic conditions that exert influence on species survival and reproduction. Sympatric species overlap the temporal and spatial axis, and for this reason they can compete for food resources. One way to avoid food competition is to partition the food axis and this separation may be interspecific or intraspecific. Factors such seasonality and fragmentation may affect the availability of food resources. In the tropics, seasonality has an effect more related to the number of flowers available throughout the annual cycle. The fragmentation of the natural areas is recognized as the main factor that influences the bees decline, being even more intense when it comes to solitary species. Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) are solitary generalist and sympatric species that occur in the Brazilian savanna. They are important pollinators of native and cultivable plant species. Have similar body size and nesting behavior, which use preexisting cavities as nests. Through the nests-traps it is possible to collect and analyze the pollen content of the larval food, in which the identification and quantification of the pollen types allows to analyze the food preferences of each specie. Intraspecific and interspecific behavioral variations can lead to differences in the use of food resources by individuals or populations. Thus, the general objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the use of food resources by bees of the genus Xylocopa at both the individual and the population level. For this, we divide it into two chapters. Chapter 1: Partition of the food niche between two species of sympatric bees: Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini); Chapter 2: Networks of Xylocopa individual-resource interactions: generalist species, specialist individuals?The objective of the first chapter was to evaluate the niche partition of the two bee species in an agricultural area and a nature reserve area. The results demonstrate the occurrence of food niche partition between the two species in greater proportion in the environment with larger natural area. Which, X. frontalis preferably used pollen from plants with poricidal dehiscence anthers, while X. grisescens used pollen from plants with non-poricidal anthers. The richness of pollen types was higher at preserved area for both species. The objective of the second chapter was to evaluate the individual specialization of X. frontalis and X. grisescens using network metrics. The results demonstrate that both X. frontalis and X. grisescens individuals presented low connectivity value and high degree of specialization, indicating a partition of the resource within the population.However, X. frontalis individuals used a single preferred food resource, and X. grisescens individuals split into subgroups using resources similar to each other but different from other sets of individuals. Thus, although these species have similarities in body size, nesting habit and foraging period, a partition of the food niche between populations has been demonstrated, and individuals have individual specializations regarding the collection of pollen sources. |
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Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)Food niche partition of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)Interspecific specializationFood niche partitionCerradoAbelhas solitáriasPólenBrazilian savannaEspecialização interespecíficaPartição de nicho alimentarPollenSolitary beesCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA APLICADAThe ecological niche of the species is composed of all the biotic and abiotic conditions that exert influence on species survival and reproduction. Sympatric species overlap the temporal and spatial axis, and for this reason they can compete for food resources. One way to avoid food competition is to partition the food axis and this separation may be interspecific or intraspecific. Factors such seasonality and fragmentation may affect the availability of food resources. In the tropics, seasonality has an effect more related to the number of flowers available throughout the annual cycle. The fragmentation of the natural areas is recognized as the main factor that influences the bees decline, being even more intense when it comes to solitary species. Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) are solitary generalist and sympatric species that occur in the Brazilian savanna. They are important pollinators of native and cultivable plant species. Have similar body size and nesting behavior, which use preexisting cavities as nests. Through the nests-traps it is possible to collect and analyze the pollen content of the larval food, in which the identification and quantification of the pollen types allows to analyze the food preferences of each specie. Intraspecific and interspecific behavioral variations can lead to differences in the use of food resources by individuals or populations. Thus, the general objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the use of food resources by bees of the genus Xylocopa at both the individual and the population level. For this, we divide it into two chapters. Chapter 1: Partition of the food niche between two species of sympatric bees: Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini); Chapter 2: Networks of Xylocopa individual-resource interactions: generalist species, specialist individuals?The objective of the first chapter was to evaluate the niche partition of the two bee species in an agricultural area and a nature reserve area. The results demonstrate the occurrence of food niche partition between the two species in greater proportion in the environment with larger natural area. Which, X. frontalis preferably used pollen from plants with poricidal dehiscence anthers, while X. grisescens used pollen from plants with non-poricidal anthers. The richness of pollen types was higher at preserved area for both species. The objective of the second chapter was to evaluate the individual specialization of X. frontalis and X. grisescens using network metrics. The results demonstrate that both X. frontalis and X. grisescens individuals presented low connectivity value and high degree of specialization, indicating a partition of the resource within the population.However, X. frontalis individuals used a single preferred food resource, and X. grisescens individuals split into subgroups using resources similar to each other but different from other sets of individuals. Thus, although these species have similarities in body size, nesting habit and foraging period, a partition of the food niche between populations has been demonstrated, and individuals have individual specializations regarding the collection of pollen sources.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoDissertação (Mestrado)O nicho ecológico das espécies é composto por todas as condições bióticas e abióticas que exercem influência no potencial de sobrevivência e reprodução das espécies. Espécies simpátricas sobrepõem o eixo temporal e espacial de seus nichos, e por esse motivo podem competir por recursos alimentares. Uma forma de evitar a competição alimentar é particionar o eixo alimentar, para que a sobreposição do uso de recursos alimentares seja baixa. Tal separação pode ser tanto interespecífica quando intraespecífica. Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) são duas espécies de abelhas solitárias, generalistas e simpátricas que ocorrem no Cerrado brasileiro. São importantes polinizadoras espécies vegetais nativas e cultiváveis, e possuem tamanho corporal e comportamento de nidificação semelhante, podendo utilizar cavidades preexistentes como ninhos. Através dos ninhos-armadilhas é possível coletar e analisar o conteúdo polínico do alimento larval, possibilitando a identificação e quantificação dos tipos polínicos para analisar as preferências alimentares das populações cada espécie. Além disso, também permite avaliar as variações comportamentais intraespecíficas quanto a coleta de recursos alimentares dentro de cada população. Assim, o objetivo geral da dissertação foi avaliar o uso de recursos alimentares por abelhas do gênero Xylocopa tanto no nível do indivíduo quanto da população. Para isso, dividimos em dois capítulos: Capítulo 1: Diversidade de fontes polínicas utilizadas por X. frontalis e X. grisescens: espécies de abelhas simpátricas e ecologicamente semelhantes apresentam partição do nicho alimentar?; Capítulo 2: Redes de interações indivíduo-recurso apresentadas por abelhas do gênero Xylocopa: espécie generalista, indivíduos especialistas? O objetivo do primeiro capítulo foi avaliar a partição do nicho alimentar das duas espécies de abelhas em uma área de cultivo agrícola e em uma área de reserva natural.Os resultados demonstram a ocorrência da partição do nicho alimentar entre as duas espécies em maior proporção no ambiente com maior área natural. Na qual, X. frontalis utilizou preferencialmente pólen de plantas com anteras de deiscência poricida, enquanto X. grisescens utilizou pólen de plantas com anteras não poricidas. A riqueza dos tipos polínicos no alimento larval se mostrou maior na área mais preservada para as duas espécies. Já o objetivo do segundo capítulo foi avaliar a especialização individual de X. frontalis e X. grisescens utilizando métricas de redes de interações. Os resultados demonstram que tanto os indivíduos X. frontalis quanto de X. grisescens apresentaram baixo valor de conectância e alto grau de especialização, indicando uma partição do recurso dentro da população. No entanto, os indivíduos de X. frontalis utilizaram um único recurso alimentar preferencial, e os indivíduos de X. grisescens se separaram em subgrupos utilizando recursos semelhantes entre si, mas diferentes dos outros conjuntos de indivíduos. Assim, apesar dessas espécies apresentarem semelhanças no tamanho corporal, hábito de nidificação e período de forrageamento, foi demonstrado uma partição do nicho alimentar entre as populações, além de os indivíduos apresentam especializações individuais quanto à coleta de fontes polínicas.2021-02-26Universidade Federal de UberlândiaBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos NaturaisAugusto, Solange CristinaMartins, Celso FeitosaMendonça, Pietro Kiyoshi MaruyamaAraújo, Thayane Nogueira2019-08-22T13:35:11Z2019-08-22T13:35:11Z2019-02-26info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfARAÚJO, Thayane Nogueira. Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini). 2019. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2019. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/26739http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340porhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFUinstname:Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)instacron:UFU2023-02-24T14:02:29Zoai:repositorio.ufu.br:123456789/26739Repositório InstitucionalONGhttp://repositorio.ufu.br/oai/requestdiinf@dirbi.ufu.bropendoar:2023-02-24T14:02:29Repositório Institucional da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) Food niche partition of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) |
title |
Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) |
spellingShingle |
Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) Araújo, Thayane Nogueira Interspecific specialization Food niche partition Cerrado Abelhas solitárias Pólen Brazilian savanna Especialização interespecífica Partição de nicho alimentar Pollen Solitary bees CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA APLICADA |
title_short |
Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) |
title_full |
Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) |
title_fullStr |
Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) |
title_sort |
Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) |
author |
Araújo, Thayane Nogueira |
author_facet |
Araújo, Thayane Nogueira |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Augusto, Solange Cristina Martins, Celso Feitosa Mendonça, Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Araújo, Thayane Nogueira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Interspecific specialization Food niche partition Cerrado Abelhas solitárias Pólen Brazilian savanna Especialização interespecífica Partição de nicho alimentar Pollen Solitary bees CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA APLICADA |
topic |
Interspecific specialization Food niche partition Cerrado Abelhas solitárias Pólen Brazilian savanna Especialização interespecífica Partição de nicho alimentar Pollen Solitary bees CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA APLICADA |
description |
The ecological niche of the species is composed of all the biotic and abiotic conditions that exert influence on species survival and reproduction. Sympatric species overlap the temporal and spatial axis, and for this reason they can compete for food resources. One way to avoid food competition is to partition the food axis and this separation may be interspecific or intraspecific. Factors such seasonality and fragmentation may affect the availability of food resources. In the tropics, seasonality has an effect more related to the number of flowers available throughout the annual cycle. The fragmentation of the natural areas is recognized as the main factor that influences the bees decline, being even more intense when it comes to solitary species. Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) are solitary generalist and sympatric species that occur in the Brazilian savanna. They are important pollinators of native and cultivable plant species. Have similar body size and nesting behavior, which use preexisting cavities as nests. Through the nests-traps it is possible to collect and analyze the pollen content of the larval food, in which the identification and quantification of the pollen types allows to analyze the food preferences of each specie. Intraspecific and interspecific behavioral variations can lead to differences in the use of food resources by individuals or populations. Thus, the general objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the use of food resources by bees of the genus Xylocopa at both the individual and the population level. For this, we divide it into two chapters. Chapter 1: Partition of the food niche between two species of sympatric bees: Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini); Chapter 2: Networks of Xylocopa individual-resource interactions: generalist species, specialist individuals?The objective of the first chapter was to evaluate the niche partition of the two bee species in an agricultural area and a nature reserve area. The results demonstrate the occurrence of food niche partition between the two species in greater proportion in the environment with larger natural area. Which, X. frontalis preferably used pollen from plants with poricidal dehiscence anthers, while X. grisescens used pollen from plants with non-poricidal anthers. The richness of pollen types was higher at preserved area for both species. The objective of the second chapter was to evaluate the individual specialization of X. frontalis and X. grisescens using network metrics. The results demonstrate that both X. frontalis and X. grisescens individuals presented low connectivity value and high degree of specialization, indicating a partition of the resource within the population.However, X. frontalis individuals used a single preferred food resource, and X. grisescens individuals split into subgroups using resources similar to each other but different from other sets of individuals. Thus, although these species have similarities in body size, nesting habit and foraging period, a partition of the food niche between populations has been demonstrated, and individuals have individual specializations regarding the collection of pollen sources. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-08-22T13:35:11Z 2019-08-22T13:35:11Z 2019-02-26 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
ARAÚJO, Thayane Nogueira. Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini). 2019. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2019. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340 https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/26739 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340 |
identifier_str_mv |
ARAÚJO, Thayane Nogueira. Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini). 2019. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2019. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/26739 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
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application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Brasil Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Brasil Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFU instname:Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) instacron:UFU |
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Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) |
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UFU |
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UFU |
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Repositório Institucional da UFU |
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Repositório Institucional da UFU |
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Repositório Institucional da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) |
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diinf@dirbi.ufu.br |
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1813711592249884672 |