Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Thayane Nogueira
Data de Publicação: 2019
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFU
Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/26739
http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340
Resumo: The ecological niche of the species is composed of all the biotic and abiotic conditions that exert influence on species survival and reproduction. Sympatric species overlap the temporal and spatial axis, and for this reason they can compete for food resources. One way to avoid food competition is to partition the food axis and this separation may be interspecific or intraspecific. Factors such seasonality and fragmentation may affect the availability of food resources. In the tropics, seasonality has an effect more related to the number of flowers available throughout the annual cycle. The fragmentation of the natural areas is recognized as the main factor that influences the bees decline, being even more intense when it comes to solitary species. Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) are solitary generalist and sympatric species that occur in the Brazilian savanna. They are important pollinators of native and cultivable plant species. Have similar body size and nesting behavior, which use preexisting cavities as nests. Through the nests-traps it is possible to collect and analyze the pollen content of the larval food, in which the identification and quantification of the pollen types allows to analyze the food preferences of each specie. Intraspecific and interspecific behavioral variations can lead to differences in the use of food resources by individuals or populations. Thus, the general objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the use of food resources by bees of the genus Xylocopa at both the individual and the population level. For this, we divide it into two chapters. Chapter 1: Partition of the food niche between two species of sympatric bees: Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini); Chapter 2: Networks of Xylocopa individual-resource interactions: generalist species, specialist individuals?The objective of the first chapter was to evaluate the niche partition of the two bee species in an agricultural area and a nature reserve area. The results demonstrate the occurrence of food niche partition between the two species in greater proportion in the environment with larger natural area. Which, X. frontalis preferably used pollen from plants with poricidal dehiscence anthers, while X. grisescens used pollen from plants with non-poricidal anthers. The richness of pollen types was higher at preserved area for both species. The objective of the second chapter was to evaluate the individual specialization of X. frontalis and X. grisescens using network metrics. The results demonstrate that both X. frontalis and X. grisescens individuals presented low connectivity value and high degree of specialization, indicating a partition of the resource within the population.However, X. frontalis individuals used a single preferred food resource, and X. grisescens individuals split into subgroups using resources similar to each other but different from other sets of individuals. Thus, although these species have similarities in body size, nesting habit and foraging period, a partition of the food niche between populations has been demonstrated, and individuals have individual specializations regarding the collection of pollen sources.
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spelling Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)Food niche partition of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)Interspecific specializationFood niche partitionCerradoAbelhas solitáriasPólenBrazilian savannaEspecialização interespecíficaPartição de nicho alimentarPollenSolitary beesCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA APLICADAThe ecological niche of the species is composed of all the biotic and abiotic conditions that exert influence on species survival and reproduction. Sympatric species overlap the temporal and spatial axis, and for this reason they can compete for food resources. One way to avoid food competition is to partition the food axis and this separation may be interspecific or intraspecific. Factors such seasonality and fragmentation may affect the availability of food resources. In the tropics, seasonality has an effect more related to the number of flowers available throughout the annual cycle. The fragmentation of the natural areas is recognized as the main factor that influences the bees decline, being even more intense when it comes to solitary species. Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) are solitary generalist and sympatric species that occur in the Brazilian savanna. They are important pollinators of native and cultivable plant species. Have similar body size and nesting behavior, which use preexisting cavities as nests. Through the nests-traps it is possible to collect and analyze the pollen content of the larval food, in which the identification and quantification of the pollen types allows to analyze the food preferences of each specie. Intraspecific and interspecific behavioral variations can lead to differences in the use of food resources by individuals or populations. Thus, the general objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the use of food resources by bees of the genus Xylocopa at both the individual and the population level. For this, we divide it into two chapters. Chapter 1: Partition of the food niche between two species of sympatric bees: Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini); Chapter 2: Networks of Xylocopa individual-resource interactions: generalist species, specialist individuals?The objective of the first chapter was to evaluate the niche partition of the two bee species in an agricultural area and a nature reserve area. The results demonstrate the occurrence of food niche partition between the two species in greater proportion in the environment with larger natural area. Which, X. frontalis preferably used pollen from plants with poricidal dehiscence anthers, while X. grisescens used pollen from plants with non-poricidal anthers. The richness of pollen types was higher at preserved area for both species. The objective of the second chapter was to evaluate the individual specialization of X. frontalis and X. grisescens using network metrics. The results demonstrate that both X. frontalis and X. grisescens individuals presented low connectivity value and high degree of specialization, indicating a partition of the resource within the population.However, X. frontalis individuals used a single preferred food resource, and X. grisescens individuals split into subgroups using resources similar to each other but different from other sets of individuals. Thus, although these species have similarities in body size, nesting habit and foraging period, a partition of the food niche between populations has been demonstrated, and individuals have individual specializations regarding the collection of pollen sources.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoDissertação (Mestrado)O nicho ecológico das espécies é composto por todas as condições bióticas e abióticas que exercem influência no potencial de sobrevivência e reprodução das espécies. Espécies simpátricas sobrepõem o eixo temporal e espacial de seus nichos, e por esse motivo podem competir por recursos alimentares. Uma forma de evitar a competição alimentar é particionar o eixo alimentar, para que a sobreposição do uso de recursos alimentares seja baixa. Tal separação pode ser tanto interespecífica quando intraespecífica. Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) são duas espécies de abelhas solitárias, generalistas e simpátricas que ocorrem no Cerrado brasileiro. São importantes polinizadoras espécies vegetais nativas e cultiváveis, e possuem tamanho corporal e comportamento de nidificação semelhante, podendo utilizar cavidades preexistentes como ninhos. Através dos ninhos-armadilhas é possível coletar e analisar o conteúdo polínico do alimento larval, possibilitando a identificação e quantificação dos tipos polínicos para analisar as preferências alimentares das populações cada espécie. Além disso, também permite avaliar as variações comportamentais intraespecíficas quanto a coleta de recursos alimentares dentro de cada população. Assim, o objetivo geral da dissertação foi avaliar o uso de recursos alimentares por abelhas do gênero Xylocopa tanto no nível do indivíduo quanto da população. Para isso, dividimos em dois capítulos: Capítulo 1: Diversidade de fontes polínicas utilizadas por X. frontalis e X. grisescens: espécies de abelhas simpátricas e ecologicamente semelhantes apresentam partição do nicho alimentar?; Capítulo 2: Redes de interações indivíduo-recurso apresentadas por abelhas do gênero Xylocopa: espécie generalista, indivíduos especialistas? O objetivo do primeiro capítulo foi avaliar a partição do nicho alimentar das duas espécies de abelhas em uma área de cultivo agrícola e em uma área de reserva natural.Os resultados demonstram a ocorrência da partição do nicho alimentar entre as duas espécies em maior proporção no ambiente com maior área natural. Na qual, X. frontalis utilizou preferencialmente pólen de plantas com anteras de deiscência poricida, enquanto X. grisescens utilizou pólen de plantas com anteras não poricidas. A riqueza dos tipos polínicos no alimento larval se mostrou maior na área mais preservada para as duas espécies. Já o objetivo do segundo capítulo foi avaliar a especialização individual de X. frontalis e X. grisescens utilizando métricas de redes de interações. Os resultados demonstram que tanto os indivíduos X. frontalis quanto de X. grisescens apresentaram baixo valor de conectância e alto grau de especialização, indicando uma partição do recurso dentro da população. No entanto, os indivíduos de X. frontalis utilizaram um único recurso alimentar preferencial, e os indivíduos de X. grisescens se separaram em subgrupos utilizando recursos semelhantes entre si, mas diferentes dos outros conjuntos de indivíduos. Assim, apesar dessas espécies apresentarem semelhanças no tamanho corporal, hábito de nidificação e período de forrageamento, foi demonstrado uma partição do nicho alimentar entre as populações, além de os indivíduos apresentam especializações individuais quanto à coleta de fontes polínicas.2021-02-26Universidade Federal de UberlândiaBrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos NaturaisAugusto, Solange CristinaMartins, Celso FeitosaMendonça, Pietro Kiyoshi MaruyamaAraújo, Thayane Nogueira2019-08-22T13:35:11Z2019-08-22T13:35:11Z2019-02-26info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfARAÚJO, Thayane Nogueira. Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini). 2019. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2019. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/26739http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340porhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFUinstname:Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)instacron:UFU2023-02-24T14:02:29Zoai:repositorio.ufu.br:123456789/26739Repositório InstitucionalONGhttp://repositorio.ufu.br/oai/requestdiinf@dirbi.ufu.bropendoar:2023-02-24T14:02:29Repositório Institucional da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
Food niche partition of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
title Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
spellingShingle Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
Araújo, Thayane Nogueira
Interspecific specialization
Food niche partition
Cerrado
Abelhas solitárias
Pólen
Brazilian savanna
Especialização interespecífica
Partição de nicho alimentar
Pollen
Solitary bees
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA APLICADA
title_short Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
title_full Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
title_fullStr Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
title_full_unstemmed Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
title_sort Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini)
author Araújo, Thayane Nogueira
author_facet Araújo, Thayane Nogueira
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Augusto, Solange Cristina
Martins, Celso Feitosa
Mendonça, Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Araújo, Thayane Nogueira
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Interspecific specialization
Food niche partition
Cerrado
Abelhas solitárias
Pólen
Brazilian savanna
Especialização interespecífica
Partição de nicho alimentar
Pollen
Solitary bees
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA APLICADA
topic Interspecific specialization
Food niche partition
Cerrado
Abelhas solitárias
Pólen
Brazilian savanna
Especialização interespecífica
Partição de nicho alimentar
Pollen
Solitary bees
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA APLICADA
description The ecological niche of the species is composed of all the biotic and abiotic conditions that exert influence on species survival and reproduction. Sympatric species overlap the temporal and spatial axis, and for this reason they can compete for food resources. One way to avoid food competition is to partition the food axis and this separation may be interspecific or intraspecific. Factors such seasonality and fragmentation may affect the availability of food resources. In the tropics, seasonality has an effect more related to the number of flowers available throughout the annual cycle. The fragmentation of the natural areas is recognized as the main factor that influences the bees decline, being even more intense when it comes to solitary species. Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini) are solitary generalist and sympatric species that occur in the Brazilian savanna. They are important pollinators of native and cultivable plant species. Have similar body size and nesting behavior, which use preexisting cavities as nests. Through the nests-traps it is possible to collect and analyze the pollen content of the larval food, in which the identification and quantification of the pollen types allows to analyze the food preferences of each specie. Intraspecific and interspecific behavioral variations can lead to differences in the use of food resources by individuals or populations. Thus, the general objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the use of food resources by bees of the genus Xylocopa at both the individual and the population level. For this, we divide it into two chapters. Chapter 1: Partition of the food niche between two species of sympatric bees: Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) and Xylocopa grisescensLepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini); Chapter 2: Networks of Xylocopa individual-resource interactions: generalist species, specialist individuals?The objective of the first chapter was to evaluate the niche partition of the two bee species in an agricultural area and a nature reserve area. The results demonstrate the occurrence of food niche partition between the two species in greater proportion in the environment with larger natural area. Which, X. frontalis preferably used pollen from plants with poricidal dehiscence anthers, while X. grisescens used pollen from plants with non-poricidal anthers. The richness of pollen types was higher at preserved area for both species. The objective of the second chapter was to evaluate the individual specialization of X. frontalis and X. grisescens using network metrics. The results demonstrate that both X. frontalis and X. grisescens individuals presented low connectivity value and high degree of specialization, indicating a partition of the resource within the population.However, X. frontalis individuals used a single preferred food resource, and X. grisescens individuals split into subgroups using resources similar to each other but different from other sets of individuals. Thus, although these species have similarities in body size, nesting habit and foraging period, a partition of the food niche between populations has been demonstrated, and individuals have individual specializations regarding the collection of pollen sources.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019-08-22T13:35:11Z
2019-08-22T13:35:11Z
2019-02-26
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv ARAÚJO, Thayane Nogueira. Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini). 2019. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2019. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340
https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/26739
http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340
identifier_str_mv ARAÚJO, Thayane Nogueira. Partição do nicho alimentar de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier) e Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier (Apidae, Xylocopini). 2019. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2019. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340
url https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/26739
http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.1340
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Brasil
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Brasil
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFU
instname:Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)
instacron:UFU
instname_str Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)
instacron_str UFU
institution UFU
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UFU
collection Repositório Institucional da UFU
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)
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