Eficientização e gerenciamento do uso de energia elétrica em perímetros irrigados

• Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, Marcos Caldeira
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/638
• topic: Racionalização do uso de energia; Bombeamento de água; Tarifas de água; Rational use of energy; Water pumping; Water tariffs; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::ENERGIZACAO RURAL

Sustainable development has been perceived as a new paradigm allowing for natural resource conservation and supply crisis prevention for future generations. The rational use of energy and water in irrigated agriculture is becoming more important both nationally and internationally. Conflictive water use and energy supply shortages have become more frequent, affecting the planning of the agricultural production. Agricultural production on the familiar level requires inputs and technologies in order to become a social promotional agent. The watering of irrigated perimeters is an option to leverage: agricultural production on the familiar level, quality of life, and regional development. The government has actively participated in the implantation of irrigated perimeters, especially in the Brazilian Northeast. The objective of this thesis was to study different solutions for water use and energy management in irrigated perimeters for familiar agriculture, using the Mirorós Irrigation District in the Ibipeba, Bahia municipality as a case study. The specific objectives were (i) to study the use of frequency inverters for automation in central pivot irrigation systems with the purpose of rationalizing the use of electric energy; (ii) to study the viability of irrigation dams to generate electrical energy, contributing to improve the economic investment s attractiveness; (iii) to propose different energy management possibilities in perimeters considering: available irrigation times, tariff framing and optimization of electric energy contract demands, among others; and (iv) to consider the implantation of water tariffs that not only consider the consumed volume of water, but also the pressure demanded by each consumer dual tariff. The main results were: (i) when frequency inverters were used, the consumption and electrical energy demand was reduced as measured in the central pivot irrigation system prototype; (ii) regarding the implantation of an electric energy generation unit, the tariff reduction possibility for irrigators in the generation contribution proportion was shown; (iii) regarding the load management proposed, it was affirmed that the perimeter s administration already implanted a series of actions resulting in lower water costs and consequently better economics for the participants; and (iv) finally, the studies of the dual tariff implantation revealed: a) economic viability; b) free choice of irrigation systems for each participant; c) better description of electric energy costs, considering not only consumption, but also electric energy demand; d) need for a pressure measuring instrument for each participant. It was pointed out that some of the measures are dependent on significant investments as in the case of the use of frequency inverters and the implantation of the power plant, and others depend more on management, as in the case of the dual tariff, tariff framing and optimization of the total operational hours.