Impacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do solo

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Freitas, Marco Antonio Moreira de
Data de Publicação: 2013
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1217
Resumo: The intercropping of maize with forage species is common practice to allow better land use and sustainability of the agricultural system. However, the competition between cultures that have similarities in photosynthetic processes, if not controlled properly, can derail economically this cultivation system. Thus, to succeed in the consortium corn signalgrass is necessary to ensure the initial competitive advantage of corn over natural resources, especially light. For this to occur should adjust the spacing between rows of trees to plant density and the initial rate of forage growth. This can be done with sublethal herbicide applications. This research evaluated the effects of row spacing of corn associated with seeding densities of Urochloa Brizantha with and without herbicide application to reduce the rate of growth of forage on growth, physiological characteristics, production, nutrient contents in plants corn. We also assessed the effects of these treatments on soil microbes by microbiological indicators, aiming to demonstrate the sustainability of this farming system activity. For this, two experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications: one with corn grown in the spacing of 0.50 m and the other with 1.0 m between rows. Treatments were arranged in the same way in both experiments, in a 2x4 factorial design, with the first factor to the dose applied nicosulfuron ( 0 and 8 g ha - 1 ) and as second the forage seeding rates (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg of seeds per hectare). Microbiological soil properties were evaluated only in the experiment with 0.5 m spacing between rows of corn. For microbiological analyzes soil samples of rhizosphere soil were collected during flowering maize to determine the respiratory rate, the carbon associated with microbial biomass, metabolic quotient, the diversity and number of spores, total glomalin and glomalin extracted easily, and were also collected the finer roots of corn to determine the percentages of colonization by these hyphae. The accumulation of dry matter of shoots and leaf area were negatively altered corn when corn was grown at a spacing of 1.00 m, while the height of plants increased. Increasing the seeding rate brachiaria reduced by up to 15 % corn yield. However, this reduction was three times lower when applied to 1/5 the recommended dose of nicosulfuron (8 g ha- 1). The levels of foliar nitrogen on corn reverse responded to increased density of forage in the consortium. The increased density of forage maize grown in the spacing of 1.00 m between rows promoted the linear reduction of P and K, independent of the application of nicosulfuron. However, for the spacing of 0.50m this reduction was seen only in the absence of herbicide. Highest values for all variables related to production were observed with narrow row spacing and herbicide application. The highest density of seeding and herbicide application brachiaria interfered with microbiological indicators of soil. Narrow row spacing of corn combined application of suboptimal dose of nicosulfuron reduced the negative effects of the interference of U. Brizantha about nutrition and corn production.
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spelling Freitas, Marco Antonio Moreira dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0776897633014773Ferreira, Lino Robertohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783318Y2Silva, Antônio Alberto dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787739T6Sediyama, Tociohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780090Y4Ferreira, Evander Alveshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4772424H9Carneiro, José Eustáquio de Souzahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783648T9Cecon, Paulo Robertohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788114T52015-03-26T12:43:56Z2014-08-052015-03-26T12:43:56Z2013-11-13FREITAS, Marco Antonio Moreira de. Impact of farming system intercropped on growth, in nutritional characteristics of corn and activity of soil microbiota. 2013. 89 f. Tese (Doutorado em Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1217The intercropping of maize with forage species is common practice to allow better land use and sustainability of the agricultural system. However, the competition between cultures that have similarities in photosynthetic processes, if not controlled properly, can derail economically this cultivation system. Thus, to succeed in the consortium corn signalgrass is necessary to ensure the initial competitive advantage of corn over natural resources, especially light. For this to occur should adjust the spacing between rows of trees to plant density and the initial rate of forage growth. This can be done with sublethal herbicide applications. This research evaluated the effects of row spacing of corn associated with seeding densities of Urochloa Brizantha with and without herbicide application to reduce the rate of growth of forage on growth, physiological characteristics, production, nutrient contents in plants corn. We also assessed the effects of these treatments on soil microbes by microbiological indicators, aiming to demonstrate the sustainability of this farming system activity. For this, two experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications: one with corn grown in the spacing of 0.50 m and the other with 1.0 m between rows. Treatments were arranged in the same way in both experiments, in a 2x4 factorial design, with the first factor to the dose applied nicosulfuron ( 0 and 8 g ha - 1 ) and as second the forage seeding rates (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg of seeds per hectare). Microbiological soil properties were evaluated only in the experiment with 0.5 m spacing between rows of corn. For microbiological analyzes soil samples of rhizosphere soil were collected during flowering maize to determine the respiratory rate, the carbon associated with microbial biomass, metabolic quotient, the diversity and number of spores, total glomalin and glomalin extracted easily, and were also collected the finer roots of corn to determine the percentages of colonization by these hyphae. The accumulation of dry matter of shoots and leaf area were negatively altered corn when corn was grown at a spacing of 1.00 m, while the height of plants increased. Increasing the seeding rate brachiaria reduced by up to 15 % corn yield. However, this reduction was three times lower when applied to 1/5 the recommended dose of nicosulfuron (8 g ha- 1). The levels of foliar nitrogen on corn reverse responded to increased density of forage in the consortium. The increased density of forage maize grown in the spacing of 1.00 m between rows promoted the linear reduction of P and K, independent of the application of nicosulfuron. However, for the spacing of 0.50m this reduction was seen only in the absence of herbicide. Highest values for all variables related to production were observed with narrow row spacing and herbicide application. The highest density of seeding and herbicide application brachiaria interfered with microbiological indicators of soil. Narrow row spacing of corn combined application of suboptimal dose of nicosulfuron reduced the negative effects of the interference of U. Brizantha about nutrition and corn production.O cultivo consorciado do milho com espécies forrageiras é prática comum por permitir melhor uso da terra e sustentabilidade do sistema agrícola. Porém a competição entre culturas que apresentam similaridades nos processos fotossintéticos, se não controlada adequadamente, pode inviabilizar economicamente este sistema de cultivo. Deste modo, para se obter sucesso no consórcio milho-braquiária é necessário garantir a vantagem competitiva inicial do milho pelos recursos naturais, especialmente a luz. Para isso ocorrer deve-se adequar o espaçamento entre linhas da cultura à densidade de semeadura e a taxa de crescimento inicial da forrageira. Esta pode ser feita com aplicações de subdoses de herbicidas. Nesta pesquisa foram avaliados os efeitos de espaçamentos entre linhas do milho associado a densidades de semeadura da Urochloa brizantha, com e sem aplicação do herbicida para redução da taxa de crescimento da forrageira, sobre o crescimento, características fisiológicas, produtivas, teores de nutrientes nas plantas de milho. Foram ainda avaliados os efeitos desses tratamentos na atividade da microbiota do solo por meio de indicadores microbiológicos, tendo como objetivo comprovar a sustentabilidade desse sistema agrícola. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos; um com milho cultivado no espaçamento de 0,50 m e o outro com 1,0 m entre linhas. Os tratamentos casualizados em blocos, com quatro repetições e arranjados da mesma maneira nos dois experimentos, em esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo o primeiro fator a dose aplicada do herbicida nicosulfuron (0 e 8 g ha-1) e como segundo as densidades de semeadura da forrageira (0, 2, 4 e 6 kg de sementes por hectare). Os atributos microbiológicos do solo foram avaliados apenas no experimento com espaçamento de 0,5 m entre linhas do milho. Para as avaliações microbiológicas as amostras de solo de solo rizosférico foram coletadas por ocasião do florescimento do milho visando determinar a taxa respiratória, o carbono associado à biomassa microbiana, o quociente metabólico, a diversidade e número de esporos, a glomalina total e a glomalina facilmente extraível, e também foram coletadas as raízes mais finas do milho para determinação das porcentagens de colonização dessas por hifas. O acúmulo da matéria seca da parte aérea e área foliar do milho foram alteradas negativamente quando o milho foi cultivado no espaçamento de 1,00 m, enquanto que a altura de plantas aumentou. O aumento da densidade de semeadura da braquiária reduziu em até 15% a produtividade do milho. Todavia, esta redução foi três vezes inferior quando foi aplicado o 1/5 da dose recomendada do nicosulfuron (8 g ha-1). Os teores de nitrogênio foliar no milho responderam de forma inversa ao aumento da densidade da forrageira no consórcio. O aumento da densidade da forrageira, no milho cultivado no espaçamento de 1,00 m entre fileiras promoveu a redução linear dos teores de P e K, independente da aplicação do nicosulfuron. Entretanto para o espaçamento de 0,50 m essa redução foi observada apenas na ausência do herbicida. Maiores valores para todas variáveis relacionadas à produção foram verificados com a redução do espaçamento e a aplicação do herbicida. As maiores densidade de semeadura da braquiária e a aplicação do herbicida interferiram nos indicadores microbiológicos do solo. A redução do espaçamento do milho aliada a aplicação da subdose do nicosulfuron, reduziu os efeitos negativos da interferência da U. brizantha sobre a nutrição e produção do milho. Conclui-se que independente do espaçamento entre linhas do milho consorciado com as maiores densidades de forrageira, o nicosulfuron aplicado na dose de 8 g ha-1 mostrou-se eficiente para reduzir a taxa de crescimento da U. brizantha e otimizar o crescimento e desenvolvimento do milho garantindo a sustentabilidade do sistema de cultivo.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em FitotecniaUFVBRPlantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita deArranjo de plantasForrageiraNicosulfuronSustentabilidadePlant arrangementForageNicosulfuronSustainabilityCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIAImpacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do soloImpact of farming system intercropped on growth, in nutritional characteristics of corn and activity of soil microbiotainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf821429https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1217/1/texto%20completo.pdfbbae43a8f542d45b8d5560743a6afe77MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain172537https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1217/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt1704516df9eef5eb3fc685b9cf634c18MD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3560https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1217/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg4bc0c3d71fb40dad9c524651340a1a33MD53123456789/12172016-04-07 23:01:37.339oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/1217Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-08T02:01:37LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Impacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do solo
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Impact of farming system intercropped on growth, in nutritional characteristics of corn and activity of soil microbiota
title Impacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do solo
spellingShingle Impacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do solo
Freitas, Marco Antonio Moreira de
Arranjo de plantas
Forrageira
Nicosulfuron
Sustentabilidade
Plant arrangement
Forage
Nicosulfuron
Sustainability
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
title_short Impacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do solo
title_full Impacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do solo
title_fullStr Impacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do solo
title_full_unstemmed Impacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do solo
title_sort Impacto do consórcio milho-braquiária no crescimento, características nutricionais e fisiológicas do milho e na atividade da microbiota do solo
author Freitas, Marco Antonio Moreira de
author_facet Freitas, Marco Antonio Moreira de
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/0776897633014773
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Freitas, Marco Antonio Moreira de
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Ferreira, Lino Roberto
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783318Y2
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Silva, Antônio Alberto da
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787739T6
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Sediyama, Tocio
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780090Y4
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Ferreira, Evander Alves
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4772424H9
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv Carneiro, José Eustáquio de Souza
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783648T9
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv Cecon, Paulo Roberto
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788114T5
contributor_str_mv Ferreira, Lino Roberto
Silva, Antônio Alberto da
Sediyama, Tocio
Ferreira, Evander Alves
Carneiro, José Eustáquio de Souza
Cecon, Paulo Roberto
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Arranjo de plantas
Forrageira
Nicosulfuron
Sustentabilidade
topic Arranjo de plantas
Forrageira
Nicosulfuron
Sustentabilidade
Plant arrangement
Forage
Nicosulfuron
Sustainability
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Plant arrangement
Forage
Nicosulfuron
Sustainability
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA
description The intercropping of maize with forage species is common practice to allow better land use and sustainability of the agricultural system. However, the competition between cultures that have similarities in photosynthetic processes, if not controlled properly, can derail economically this cultivation system. Thus, to succeed in the consortium corn signalgrass is necessary to ensure the initial competitive advantage of corn over natural resources, especially light. For this to occur should adjust the spacing between rows of trees to plant density and the initial rate of forage growth. This can be done with sublethal herbicide applications. This research evaluated the effects of row spacing of corn associated with seeding densities of Urochloa Brizantha with and without herbicide application to reduce the rate of growth of forage on growth, physiological characteristics, production, nutrient contents in plants corn. We also assessed the effects of these treatments on soil microbes by microbiological indicators, aiming to demonstrate the sustainability of this farming system activity. For this, two experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications: one with corn grown in the spacing of 0.50 m and the other with 1.0 m between rows. Treatments were arranged in the same way in both experiments, in a 2x4 factorial design, with the first factor to the dose applied nicosulfuron ( 0 and 8 g ha - 1 ) and as second the forage seeding rates (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg of seeds per hectare). Microbiological soil properties were evaluated only in the experiment with 0.5 m spacing between rows of corn. For microbiological analyzes soil samples of rhizosphere soil were collected during flowering maize to determine the respiratory rate, the carbon associated with microbial biomass, metabolic quotient, the diversity and number of spores, total glomalin and glomalin extracted easily, and were also collected the finer roots of corn to determine the percentages of colonization by these hyphae. The accumulation of dry matter of shoots and leaf area were negatively altered corn when corn was grown at a spacing of 1.00 m, while the height of plants increased. Increasing the seeding rate brachiaria reduced by up to 15 % corn yield. However, this reduction was three times lower when applied to 1/5 the recommended dose of nicosulfuron (8 g ha- 1). The levels of foliar nitrogen on corn reverse responded to increased density of forage in the consortium. The increased density of forage maize grown in the spacing of 1.00 m between rows promoted the linear reduction of P and K, independent of the application of nicosulfuron. However, for the spacing of 0.50m this reduction was seen only in the absence of herbicide. Highest values for all variables related to production were observed with narrow row spacing and herbicide application. The highest density of seeding and herbicide application brachiaria interfered with microbiological indicators of soil. Narrow row spacing of corn combined application of suboptimal dose of nicosulfuron reduced the negative effects of the interference of U. Brizantha about nutrition and corn production.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2013-11-13
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2014-08-05
2015-03-26T12:43:56Z
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2015-03-26T12:43:56Z
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv FREITAS, Marco Antonio Moreira de. Impact of farming system intercropped on growth, in nutritional characteristics of corn and activity of soil microbiota. 2013. 89 f. Tese (Doutorado em Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1217
identifier_str_mv FREITAS, Marco Antonio Moreira de. Impact of farming system intercropped on growth, in nutritional characteristics of corn and activity of soil microbiota. 2013. 89 f. Tese (Doutorado em Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.
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dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv Plantas daninhas, Alelopatia, Herbicidas e Resíduos; Fisiologia de culturas; Manejo pós-colheita de
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