Avaliação ecofisiológica de subamostras de alho cv. Amarante

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Nelson Licínio Campos de
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1135
• topic: Allium sativum L.; Ecofisiologia; Allium sativum L.; Ecophysiology; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA

Garlic cultivars present different yield potentialities, expressed by the plant's morphological and physiological characteristics, according to the environment and cultural management. Thus, twenty sub-samples of garlic cv. Amarante belonging to the Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH/UFV) were evaluated for their morphological and physiological characteristics. The experiment was carried out under field conditions at the Department of Phytotechny/UFV, from April to September 2008, arranged in a randomized block design with four repetitions. Count of the plants was carried out up to emergence. At 59, 87, 114, 136 and 156 days after planting, the following was evaluated number of leaves, foliar area, dry matter mass of leaves, pseudo-stem, bulb, root and whole plant, leaf green intensity (SPAD) and gaseous exchanges (liquid photosynthesis rate; leaf surface temperature; water vapor stomatic conductance; CO2 internal concentration, internal carbon/atmospheric carbon relation; transpiratory rate and water use photosynthetic efficiency). From 59 to 87, 87 to 114, 114 to 136 and 136 to 156 days after planting, plant relative growth, bulbgrowth rate, plant liquid assimilation rate; bulb liquid assimilation rate; bulb foliar area ratio; plant foliar area ratio and foliar area duration were calculated. At harvest, the following were calculated: harvest index and total and commercial bulb yields The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance, with the means being grouped by the Skott-Knott criterion (p < 0.05), by estimating the Pearson coefficient of correlation (p < 0.05) between the morpho-physiological characteristics and total yield. At 21 days after planting, the aerial part of 100% of the bulblets of all the sub-samples had emerged.The sub-samples presented a differential growth and yield behavior during the evaluations. At harvest, sub-sample BGH 7616 presented greater foliar area, harvest index and dry matter mass of leaves, pseudo-stem, and whole plant than all the other sub-samples, resulting in greater bulb total and commercial yield. Higher correlations were found between total yield and foliar area duration from 87 to 114 days after planting and between total yield and foliar area at 87 days after planting, being respectively, from 0,7263 and 0,6442 (p < 0.01). As for the gaseous exchange evaluations carried out, only transpiration at 87 and 136 days after planting, water use efficiency at 136 days after planting were efficacious in distinguishing the subsamples, although correlations between transpiration and water use efficiency and total yield were not significant. Of all the characteristics evaluated, foliar area at 87 days after planting and foliar area duration from 87 to 114 days after planting were the morpho-physiological characteristics that most influenced bulb total yield of garlic cv. Amarante sub-samples.