Impactos e realidade dos incêndios florestais nas unidades de conservação brasileiras

• Autor(a) principal: Bontempo, Gínia César
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/564
• topic: Preservação de incêndios; Combate a incêndio; Registro de Ocorrência de Incêndio; Preservation of fire; Fire control; Fire Occurrence Register; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::CONSERVACAO DA NATUREZA

The purpose of this study was to identify and qualitatively assess the environmental impacts arising from the use of fire as soil management practice; describe the conditions of forest fire prevention and control in federal protected areas; to evaluate the applicability of the Fire Occurrence Register (ROI, in Portuguese); and provide subsidies for a full completion and an enhanced application by the administration of protected areas. The applied methodology was essentially descriptive. The following methodological procedures were used: bibliographical research; techniques of Environmental Impact Assessment (Ad Hoc, Interaction Network and Check-list); documentary research; application of an online survey on the conditions of forest fire prevention and control in federal units; and field research in the National Park Caparaó, based on interviews with the technical staff and nonparticipant observation of the firefighters s work. Data were collected from April 2010 to March 2011 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Seventy-nine environmental impacts were identified, 10 of which in the physical environment (12,5%), 25 in the biota (31,5%) and 44 in the anthropic environment (56%). Only 16 impacts were considered positive and nine were related to the use of the technique of controlled burning. The large number of impacts on a regional level (45; 57%) was an indicator of the impact fires have on the environment. Sixty-seven impacts were considered reversible (85%), indicating the possibility of reversing the majority of the identified impacts. Seventy-seven percent (77%) of the surveyed units had no permanent staff to work in forest fire prevention and control and 48% hired no firefighters on a temporary basis in 2010. In 66% of the units an adequate infrastructure was missing, 54% reported a lack of sufficient personal protective equipment, in 63% there were not enough tools and equipment, in 67% communication means were insufficient and 64% of the units did not have enough adequate means of transport for fire prevention and control. The satisfaction level of each of these items was evaluated and reached a frequency of over 50% in the sum of three (very low, low and medium) of five categories. In only 14% of the units surveyed the fire incidence report ROI was always completed, in all cases of fire occurrence. The completion of the ROI requires the participation of various collaborators including members of the technical staff and firefighters. A set of 23 different skills and competencies related to the fields of natural and social sciences were listed, which are required to complete the ROI. Sixteen different tools and equipment are needed for data collection. The information requested in the ROI can be obtained if human resources, training and equipment are provided. This study allowed the conclusions that burning generates negative, regional and reversible impacts, reinforcing the importance and need of public policies and environmental education programs on the use of fire in agriculture; that investments in human resources and funding are imperative to conform forest fire prevention and control in the protected areas; and that ROI is an appropriate and essential tool for the development of regional and national strategies for forest fire prevention in protected areas.