Mineralização do resíduo da pupunheira em condições de campo e laboratório

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Magno dos Santos
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3646
• topic: Pupunheira; Resíduos orgânicos; Peach palm; Organic residues; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

The objective of this work was to estimate the amount and proportion of residues generated in the extraction and processing of peach palm palmetto, minimally processed, and also monitor and model the process of decomposition and mineralization of organic carbon (CO) and nitrogen (NO) of the residues, in field and laboratory conditions, and two forms of disposition: Incorporated or applied superficially on the soil. The field experiment has been conducted in Inceptisol oxic (TD), at the Experimental area of Treatment of Urban Waste, from the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa-MG. Another part of the experiment has been conducted at the Laboratory of Soil and Solid Waste in the same department. The estimated average annual of residues was 19 t ha-1 yr-1, with 12.5 t ha-1 of sheaths, 6.6 t ha-1 of basis and 0.57 t ha-1 of ends. To monitor the process of mineralization of the residues, they were mixed in the proportions in which they were generated and incubated in the field and in the laboratory for 112 days, during which samples were taken for analysis of easily oxidizable organic carbon (COfo), nitrogen Total (NT), ammonium and nitrate, performed for the field experiment and samples of carbon as CO2, ammonium and nitrate, performed for the laboratory experiment. In the field, the average mineralization fraction at the end of the incubation period, to the incorporated residue in the soil, has been 96.5%. The mineralization fraction of the residue disposed on the soil surface at the end of the incubation period, has been 79%. The mineralization and availability coefficients of the residue, obtained by fitting the equation of degradation, to field conditions, when incorporated, were 0.1498 d-1 to CO and 0.1050 d-1 to Nino. With regard to residue disposed on the surface, they were 0.0546 d-1 to CO and 0.0456 d-1 to Nino. In the experiment under laboratory conditions, the coefficient of mineralization of the incorporated residue were 0.0050 d-1 to CO and 0.0369 d-1 for NO, whereas to the residue disposed on the soil surface they were 0.0030 d-1 to CO and 0.0281 d-1 to Nino. Based on data obtained, it was noted that the residue degradation is more intense under field conditions than in the laboratory and that the incorporation of the residue hasten the processes to both conditions. The methods used to estimate the coefficients and fractions of mineralization of CO and availability of Nino, in laboratory conditions, have generated results consistent with those obtained in field conditions, but considerably underestimated the values obtained.