Pochonia chlamydosporia no controle do nematoide das galhas e na produção de alface e pepino

• Autor(a) principal: Viggiano, José Ricardo
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1032
• topic: Pochonia chlamydosporia; Controle biológico; Meloidogyne spp.; Lactuca Sativa; Pochonia chlamydosporia; Biological control; Meloidogyne spp.; Lactuca Sativa; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

The fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia presents great potential for the biological control of the root-knot nematode in fields of vegetable production, however, the proper ways to apply this organism still need to be determined. Thus, this study aimed to: (a) evaluate the effect of different substrates for seedling production, enriched with a residue from the production process of the fungus, in the development of seedlings and plants of lettuce; (b) evaluate the fungus for the control M. javanica when applied to seedlings and to the soil cultivated with lettuce and cucumber; and (c) evaluate the fungus in the control of knot-root nematodes in an area of commercial cultivation of cucumber. In the first experiment, it was found that it is possible to use a residue of rice resulting from the production process of the fungus at concentrations of up to 2% (v:v) of a formulated and a commercial substrate, because this dose did not adversely affect the development of the lettuce plants. In the second and third experiments, the isolated Pc-10 of P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia was effective in controlling M. javanica in lettuce and cucumber, by reducing the number of galls and galls.g-1 root of cucumber plants, and the number of eggs and eggs.g-1 roots of lettuce and cucumber plants. The best results were obtained with the application of 18.0 g.L-1 of Pc-10 on seedlings of lettuce and cucumber, although the application of Pc-10 on the ground (5,000 chlamydospores.g-1 soil) also increased the control of M. javanica in lettuce. The divided application of Pc-10 on cucumber and lettuce seedlings did not affect their development. In the fourth experiment, in an area cultivated with vegetables and naturally infested with nematodes, the dose of 75 g of a product based on P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (isolate Pc-10) per hole resulted in higher level of control of the knot-root nematodes, while the dose of 100 g of product per hole gave the largest increase in the commercial production of cucumber. Therefore, the Pc-10 isolate of P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia applied as pure chlamydospores, chlamydospores over rice or as the rice after extraction of most of the chlamydospores, on seedlings and soil cultivated with lettuce and cucumber, shown tobe effective in the control of the knot-root nematodes.