Eficácia do ozônio em grãos de trigo infestados com Rhyzopertha dominica

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Gutierres Nelson
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3650
• topic: Ozônio; Pragas; Besourinho; Milho; Ozone; Pest; Beetle; Corn; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::ENGENHARIA DE PROCESSAMENTO DE PRODUTOS AGRICOLAS::PRE-PROCESSAMENTO DE PRODUTOS AGRICOLAS

There is a need to find new methods to control insect pests in storage facilities and grain processing, to ensure the product quality and causes less environmental impact. A alternative is the use of ozone gas, a powerful oxidizing agent. Although the ozone toxic effects are already known for stored-grain pests, there is lack information about their effects within a grain mass. This study aimed to evaluate the ozone toxicity on Rhyzopertha dominica in wheat grains, as well as evaluating the instantaneous rate of population growth (ri) of these insects exposed to lethal times. Allied to this, aimed to assess, we evaluated the effect of ri on the physical, physiological and physico-chemical properties of wheat grains. The ozone toxicity was evaluated through estimating the lethal time for 50% and 95% (LT50 and LT95) of adult insects. The ozone was applied at a concentration of 1.61 mg L-1 and flow of 2.0 L min-1. The grains were ozonized inside cylindrical containers made by PVC with 20 cm diameter and 100 cm in height, which contained inside the insects housed in plastic cages with 400 g of wheat grains. The cages were distributed within the grain mass at three different points: on the plenum, the upper and middle part. It was used three replicates with 20 insects, varying the period of exposure to the gas. In the upper and lower cylinders lids were installed connections for gas injection and exhaust, respectively. For the realization of the instantaneous growth rate (ri) and quality testing, it was used only the grain from cages distributed across the top. The instantaneous growth rate (ri) was determined using the lethal-time (LT10, LT30, LT50, LT70 and LT90), obtained in the bioassay toxicity. It was used of 50 adult insects, not sexed. After ozone exposure, the wheat grains mass containing insects were removed from the cages and transferred to glass bottles of 0.8 L and, 60 days after, the adult progeny was recorded. To evaluate the effect of instantaneous growth rate in wheat quality some tests were performed, such as, electrical conductivity, germination potential, water content, test weight and protein and ash content. The results indicated that the toxicity periods of ozone exposure requered to cause 50% mortality (LT50) and 95% (LT95) of adult R. dominica, increased as caged insects and ozone gas injection point was distanced. Withal increase of the ozone gas, exposure period was observed that the instantaneous growth rate of R. dominica reduced after 60 days of storage. It was observed a significant correlation between the instantaneous growth rate and the physical and physiological properties of wheat grains. The presence of R. dominica in the grain mass wheat grain, from instantaneous growth rate possibly, affected the physical and physiological parameters of grain wheat.