Movimentação e disponibilidade de boro para p feijoeiro cultivado em colunas de solo

• Autor(a) principal: Faria, Leonardo Campos
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5543
• topic: Feijão - Nutrição; Feijão - Efeito do boro; Fertilidade do solo; Micronutriente; Beans - Nutrition; Beans - Boron effect; Soil fertility; Micronutrient; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

Boron deficiency is common in Brazilian soils and may be a limiting factor for crop productivity, especially in dicotyledon species which are more demanding in this micronutrient. Tropical soils, generally, have the organic matter fraction as the main source of B, therefore, low organic matter content in that soils make them more prone to the occurrence of B deflciency to crops. The soil analysis for B availability is an important step to establish adequate techniques for correction of its deficiency which, along with the adequate supply of alI nutrients, is crucial for gains in crop productivity. Soil B availabilty is dependent on the reactions of B adsorption to soil which controls its concentration in the soil solution, where the amount available for plant absorption is present. These relationships are important for the correction of deficiencies and for preventing toxicities of B in the soil-crop system and the balance between the soil adsorbed B and the B in soil solution is important in order to have adequate supply to plants with preservation of the quality of the soil-plant-water system it has to be pointed out that in the natural soil pH range most of B is in form of molecular H3BO3, which has high mobility in the soil profile, being easily lixiviated, mainly in sandy soils. This work aimed to evaluate the response of common-beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Majestoso) to addition of B in two soils with different texture, by using crescent doses of B from two sources, with and without addition of organic matter, making the relationship between the doses added to the soil and the soil B concentrations at different depths. The experiment was set as a factorial 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 [2 soils (sandy and clayey); two sources of B (boric acid and ulexite); with and without addition of organic material; and 5 doses of B (0.0, O.5, 1.5. 3.0 and 6.0 mgldm3)], in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The experimental unity was a 15 cm (diameter) by 42 cm (high) PVC tube filled with the soil sample, containg two common-bean seedlings. ln the floweríng stage, it was collected samples from the leaf tíssues for mineral analysis. After dry digestion of the vegetal samples B was determined by colorímetry with azomethine-H. Begining at the flowering stage, it was counted the number of flowers per plant. All plants cut at the physiologícal maturity stage, oven-dried at 65°C untill constant weight and the weight of the dry matter was recorded. Before plants cutting, the pods were collected and the number of pods per plant recorded. At the end of the experiment, it was collected a soil sample from each depth (2-7, 7-12, 12-22, 22-42 cm), and avaible B was determined to evaluate ist movement through the soil profile. The B concentration in Ieaves increased with the increase of the B doses applied to soil (linear and quadratic responses) independently of the soiI type, B source, or organic matter addition. These results are in accordance with the increase of B recovered from soil by the extractors HCl 50 mmol/L and hot CaCl2 5 mmol/L. The values of the linear correlation coefficients between B content in leaves and B recovered by the extractors from soil corroborate the observed toxicity symptoms in the plants at the higher B doses. In generaL the increase in the B dose added to soil, resulted in higher concentrations of available B extracted with hot CaCl2 5 mmol/L in the different depths, indicating the B mobility through the soiI profile. These values were Iower in the clayey soil due to the higher interaction between B and the surface charges of the clay fraction.