Geotec II: proposição de um índice geográfico-tecnoógico para o setor agropecuário brasileiro

• Autor(a) principal: França, Michelle Milanez
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5452
• topic: Aptidão agrícola; Censo agropecuário; Produtividade de grãos; Agricultural suitability; Agricultural census; Grain yield; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

Agriculture is an economic activity depends, in large part, the physical environment. The ecological aspect confers fundamental importance to the process of agricultural production. A country or region has several sub-regions with different soil conditions and climate, and therefore with different skills to produce various agricultural goods. Interpretation of ground surveys is to be of significant importance for the use of this natural resource in agriculture and other sectors that use the soil as an integral element of their activities. When it comes to agricultural activities, these interpretations can help to classify land according to their suitability for different crops under different management conditions and feasibility of improvement through new technologies. It can still be considered in the interpretation of ground surveys, the needs for fertilizer and lime, which enable evaluation of potential inputs depending on the acreage in the country. The system of evaluation of land suitability in Brazil began in the 1960s as an effort to classify the potential of tropical lands for agriculture. In pursuit of knowledge of land suitability of Brazil, the Evaluation System of agricultural land suitability (Ramalho Filho and Beek, 1995) has been employed by more be a major tool for understanding the potential and the availability of land in accordance with different levels of technology or management, and the method recommended by Embrapa. Index Geographic and Technological Development (GEOTEC) was prepared from three other indices: the Fitness Index Fund (IAG), the Index Technology (SIT) and the Water Index (IHI). Fontes et al (2008) tested different combinations of the three sub-indices used in their work and reached the following calculation: Geotec = (IAG * 40%) + (ITE * 40%) + (IHI * 20%). For this work we built the index Geographic and Technological II (GEOTEC II), which is made from two other indices: the Fitness Index Fund (IAG) and Index Technology (ITE).The combination proposed for this new index results in the following calculation: Geotec II = (IAG * 50%) + (ITE * 50%). These indices consist of aggregation of geographical variables, assets and liabilities whose relevance is based in the analysis of the determinants of income and growth potential in the context of natural as well as the analysis of economic and social variables. As this work is pervaded units federation of Brazilian territory, the clipping mesorregional was the most appropriate, having been working with mapping "of Brazil macroecological Design" produced by Embrapa (National Survey and Soil Conservation - SNLCS) between the years 1992/93. The objectives of this study were: construction of indices of agricultural suitability (IAG) and technological index (ITE) of meso Brazilian-purpose support of initiatives that enable the development of agricultural regions, and identify the technologies that had the greatest association with the production of different cultures. The highest values of ITE are located in the regions Araraquara / SP, West of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande northwest while the lowest values of ITE located in the regions Marajó / PA, North and South Amazonas Pará. IAG for the highest values are found in Southeast and South and lowest in the North. It was found that the control of pests and diseases is a technology that needs to be more widespread throughout the territory, since only 30% of properties in the country to use, with greater concentration in the states of Goias and Minas Gerais. The highest percentage of use of fertilizer and lime, and tillage is located in the center-south axis of the country, the latter being little used technology in the north.