Exigências nutricionais de proteína e macrominerais de bezerros da raça Holandesa

• Autor(a) principal: Rodrigues, João Paulo Pacheco
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5779
• topic: Exigências nutricionais; Nutrição animal; Bovino de leite; Animal Nutrition; Nutritional requirements; Dairy cattle; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL

The aim was to estimate the nutritional requirements of protein and minerals for maintenance and growth of Holstein calves from birth to 87 days old. Forty-two male Holstein calves with 3 days old and 35.56 ±5.86 kg of initial body weight were used. Ten calves were randomly slaughtered on the 4th day old to compose the reference group. The other thirty two calves were assigned to 4 treatments (2; 4; 6; 8 kg/day of milk). All animals were fed starter ad libitum throughout the experiment. From eight animals per treatment, four were slaughtered at 59 days old while the other for were weaned at the same age, and milk exchanged for Coast-cross (Cynodon spp.) hay ad libitum, they were slaughtered at 87 days of age. Digestibility assays were performed in the average ages of 17, 42 and 75 days in four animals per treatment, to estimate the digestible nutrients, when feces and urine samples were collected for 24 hours. Milk, starter and hay samples were collected weekly. At slaughter, were collected carcass (CAR) and a composite of non-carcass components (CNC) samples of each animal. Milk, hay, starter, feces, CNC and CAR were evaluated for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and ash (CZ). Hay and starter were also assessed for the previous items plus neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Milk, hay, starter, CAR and CNC minerals levels were analyzed for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). From urine samples were calculated the total nitrogen content (NTU) and purine derivatives excretion. Empty body weight (EBW) on body weight (BW) and empty body weight gain (EBWG) on weight gain (WG) relations were 0.886 and 0.8375, respectively. The efficiency of utilization of digestible protein to metabolizable (EPD) was 0.7706. Metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance (MPm) of calves were 3.917 g/kg BW0,75/day Metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance (MPm) of calves were 4.53 g/kg BW0.75/day. The equation to estimate the net protein requirement for gain (NPg) was: PLg (g/kg/EBWG) = 177,79 × PCVZ-0,0608. The efficiency of protein utilization for metabolizable gain (k) found was 0.7139. To calculate the metabolizable protein requirements for gain, it divides the retained protein (PR) by the value of k. The net mineral requirements for maintenance were: 89.7451, 20.805, 4.3605, 2.2105, 1.0143 mg/kg EBW/day of Ca, P, Na, K and Mg, respectively. The retention efficiencies (RE) were: 0.8816, 0.4725, 0.274, 0.08821, 0.05236 for Ca, P, Na, K and Mg, respectively. The minerals net requirements for gain were: Cag (g/kg/EBWG) = 23214 × PCVZ-0,3856; Pg (g/kg/EBWG) = 9561,03 × PCVZ-0,2773; Nag (g/kg/EBWG) = 2441,89 × PCVZ-2428; Kg (g/kg/EBWG) = 771,89 × PCVZ-0,0422; Mgg (g/kg/EBWG) = 519,01 × PCVZ-0,1893; mg/kg EBWG/day for Ca, P, Na, K e MG, respectively. In conclusion, the metabolizable protein requirement for maintenance of Holstein calves is 4.53 g/kg PV0.75. The net protein requirements for growth can be obtained by the equation: RP (g/day) = 96.5121 × 31.3086 × EBWG + RE. The efficiency of protein utilization for growth is 71.39%. Dietary requirement of each mineral is given by the sum of net requirements for maintenance and gain divided by its respective retention efficiency. The mineral requirements for maintenance and gain of Holstein calves from birth to 87 days of age can be calculated as a function of empty body weight (EBW) and gain of empty body weight (EBW), using the proposed equations.