Comportamento dinâmico do sistema fruto- pedúnculo-ramo do cafeeiro submetido à vibrações mecânicas

• Autor(a) principal: Coelho, Andre Luiz de Freitas
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3665
• topic: Café - Colheita - Efeito da vibração; Vibração - Medição; Mecanização agrícola; Máquinas agrícolas; Coffee - Harvest - Effect of vibration; Vibration - Measurement; Agricultural mechanization; Agricultural machinery; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

Coffee manual harvesting is a complex and costly activity due to factors such as plant height, land slope, weather conditions, correct time for harvesting, beyond high production cost with manpower. Then, mechanization arises as a solution by increasing the process' operational capability and the reduction of physical effort for harvesting. The development of efficient harvesting machines requires the knowledge about the plant s dynamic behavior, aiming a greater overthrowing efficiency and less breakage of branches and leaf fall. This study aimed to analyze the dynamic behavior of the fruit-stem-branch system of the coffee plant subjected to mechanical vibration. This study was carried out using samples of Arabica coffee Red Catuaí variety collected in an experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Federal University of Viçosa) in Viçosa City/Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from May to July, 2013. This study is composed by five papers: (1) in the first paper, mass, volume, specific density, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio, and the constituents' damping ratio of the fruit-stem-branch system were experimentally determined. Damping ratio values obtained for the stem and the branch were lower than one, characterizing them as an underdamped system; (2) in the second paper, certain methodology was developed for determining the elasticity modulus of the fruit and stem by comparing the natural frequencies obtained by the finite elements method with the natural frequencies obtained experimentally. The average values for the elasticity modulus were 15.74; 23.90, and 4645.90 MPa for stem in green and ripe ripeness stages, and for the branch, respectively; (3) in the third study, the natural frequencies and the modes shapes were determined for the fruit- stem, branch, and fruit-stem-branch systems using the stochastic finite elements method, in which the specific density and elasticity modulus of fruits, stems, and branches were treated as random values. The natural frequencies were reduced to the extent that the ripeness stage evolved or according as the system total mass increased. For the fourth and fifth modes shapes, larger deformations in the stems were found; (4) in the fourth paper, the stresses in the fruit-stem, branch and fruit-stem-branch systems were determined when subjected to mechanical vibration with frequency related to the natural frequency, peak to peak displacement of 10 mm, and stimulation time of 10 s. The von Mises stresses were higher for systems in green ripeness stage and in the jointing regions of the stem to the branch and of the branch to the stem due to higher frequency vibrations applied on this ripeness stage and to the higher bending moments in these regions, respectively; (5) in the fifth paper, a overthrowing efficiency test with a fruits' bunch samples were subjected to mechanical vibrations at different frequencies (16.4; 20.3; 24.0; 25.6; 30.0; and 33.0 Hz), peak to peak displacement (5.0; 7.0; and 9.0 mm), and vibration times (10.0 and 20.0 s). For the studied amplitudes, the overthrowing efficiency of ripe fruits tended to be higher than the overthrowing efficiency of the green fruits. The overthrowing efficiency increased according as the frequency and vibration amplitude increased.