Isolamento térmico de aviários e seus efeitos na qualidade do ar interior, consumo de energia e desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte

• Autor(a) principal: Paula, Marcos Oliveira de
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/671
• topic: Avicultura; Isolamento térmico; Conforto térmico; Aviculture; Thermal insulation; Thermal comfort; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::CONSTRUCOES RURAIS E AMBIENCIA

Brazil, and in general Latin America, has adopted a predominantly open housing typology without thermal isolation due to its climatic conditions which show no large temperature fluctuations typical of tropical and subtropical climates. However, it was verified that the lack of thermal insulation in open installations presents serious complications in maintaining the environment during nocturnal conditions, especially during winter and initial phases of animal life, when higher temperature ranges are required for their thermal comfort. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the installation of a hatchery thermal installation system (Extruded Polystyrene - XPS, fabricated by the Hidrovac process, exclusive to Owers Corning), with the aim of minimizing thermal losses, reduction of energetic expenses and environmental improvement, including air quality and consequently, influence of these factors on the production performance of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted during the winter of 2009, in commercial poultry houses belonging to the PIF-PAF Company, located near the city of Vicosa, MG, Brazil. For the studied treatments: hatchery with conventional polyethylene curtains (PCC) and hatchery with insulated curtains (PMI), daily measurements were taken of the following environmental elements: temperature, humidity of the air, wind speed and air quality. Production performance of the birds was also evaluated as well as wood consumption used in the heating system. Based on the encountered results for the climatic variables and thermal comfort indices during the first phase, it was observed that the two treatments were able to maintain thermal comfort of the birds inside the installations; however, the PMI treatment was more efficient. In general, concentrations of ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen, measured inside the installations of the two treatments during the first phase were less than those considered to be a risk to the birds, and exception to this was the concentration of CO2 detected at night and dawn, which surpassed the recommended limits for birds in the second and third weeks of life. With regard to animal performance of birds, can be inferred that the treatment provides a good yield in kg of bird.m-2. However, production in the PMI treatment was more to the PCC. The furnace treatment PMI consumed less wood plantations in the first, second and third weeks, respectively, when compared with the treatment PCC. However, the use of insulation caused a blackout inside the plant, being necessary to the permanence of the lights by accessing a longer period of time, causing an increase in energy consumption, which can be remedied with the handling of the plates used in the system isolation during the day.