Influência dos parasitóides Palmistichus elaeisis e Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) na imunidade celular de Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

• Autor(a) principal: Andrade, Gilberto Santos
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/887
• topic: Controle biológico; Imunologia; Endoparasitóide; Biologia Celular; Biological Control; Immunology; Endoparasitoid; Cell Biology; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::PARASITOLOGIA::ENTOMOLOGIA E MALACOLOGIA DE PARASITOS E VETORES

Several physiological changes occur in parasitized hosts to promote the development of immature parasitoids. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cellular defense of the alternative host pupae, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) parasitized by Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle or Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Three situations were used to assess changes in the immune system of A. gemmatalis: 1) Effect of densities of parasitoid per pupa, 2) Parasitoid age effect on alternative host cellular defense 3) Host age effect on the ability of parasitoids to suppress the host cellular defense. In evaluating the effect of the density of parasitoids, the total number of hemocytes and encapsulation were lower with increasing the number of parasitoids per pupa, due to lower number of circulating plasmatocytes and granulocytes in the hemolymph of A. gemmatalis pupae, and parasitized pupae by P. elaeisis showed greater reduction of hemocytes than the parasitized by T. diatraeae. In evaluating the parasitoid age effect, the increasing parasitoids age promoted the absorption of oocytes formed. However, this absorption did not suggest a quantitatively or qualitatively reduction in possible substances from the ovary of female parasitoids that could be involved in host immune suppression. The total number of hemocytes in the hemolymph of A. gemmatalis reduced after parasitism by 24 or 48 hours old T. diatraeae. A similar phenomenon occurred in pupae of A. gemmatalis after parasitism by 72 or 96 hours old P. elaeisis. The number of circulating granulocytes in A. gemmatalis pupae only reduced after being parasitized by 24 hours old T. diatraeae or by 72 or 96 hours old P. elaeisis. However, the number of plasmatocytes in A. gemmatalis pupae reduced with 24 or 48 hours old T. diatraeae. The largest reduction occurred in plasmatocytes in pupae parasitized by 72 and 96 hours old P. elaeisis. The encapsulation of parasitized or not parasitized A. gemmatalis pupae was similar regardless of age of T. diatraeae or P. elaeisis. In the evaluation of host age, parasitized 24 hours old pupae had fewer granulocytes in relation to unparasitized pupae by T. diatraeae and a smaller reduction of plasmatocytes. The number of plasmatocytes in parasitized 48 hours old pupae was lower than those unparasitized by T. diatraeae. The encapsulation in 24 hours old pupae after parasitism by P. elaeisis was lower only than the unparasitized 48 hours old pupae. Moreover, 24 hours old pupae after parasitism by T. diatraeae showed lower encapsulation that parasitized and not parasitized 48 hours old pupae. The results indicate that both species P. elaesisis and T. diatraeae affect the number of hemocytes from the host A. gemmatalis. These results may contribute to understanding the interactions between parasitoid-host, enabling the optimization of mass production of natural enemies to control insect pests in biological control programs.