Efeitos do Thiodan® (endosulfan) nas brânquias de Astyanax aff. bimaculatus

• Autor(a) principal: Moraes, Joelma Crespo
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5085
• topic: Lambari; Toxicologia aquática; Thiodan®; Lambari; Aquatic toxicology; Thiodan®; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA

One of the factors most relevant in environmental pollution that involves the ecosystem is the contamination by pesticides, especially when these are applied indiscriminately. Between these compounds are pesticides with several chemical compositions that are used with different aims. The aquatic environment has been considered the most relevant toxic receptor compartment, and so has attracted attention of researchers for evaluation of biological indicators. Thus, it becomes necessary to use methods of assessment of the effects of pollutants using fish to show the first signs of environmental stress caused by contaminants in different levels of biological organization. The morphological disorders in fish organs with wide surface area exposures to the environment, such as the gills, may be useful as biomarkers. The Thiodan® (Bayer), an insecticide and acaricide widely used to control chewing and sucking insects was chosen for this study. The use of small species, such as lambari Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, facilitates the execution of laboratory tests, reason for the choice of these species. This study determined the LC50-96h with 120 animals, divided in one as control group and seven concentrations of Thiodan® (1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 &#956;g.L-1) with three replicates of five fish each. Also it has been evaluated the influence of Thiodan® on the morphology of the gills of female A. bimaculatus. The fish were distributed in four separate experiments (fish without adaptation and without food, fish without adaptation and fed, fish adapted and without food, and fish adapted and fed). For each experiment were used a control group and three concentrations of Thiodan® (1.3, 2.6 and 5.2 &#956;g.L-1) lasting 96 hours, with three replicates of 10 fish in each aquarium. For morphological and morphometric studies, fragments of gills were processed following routine techniques. The water quality was measured and was according to the Resolution 357/2005 (CONAMA). The result of LC50-96h was 13.6&#956;g.L-1 with a confidence interval from 10.1 to 18.4&#956;g.L-1 (P<0.05). During the toxicity tests (96h) the exposed groups showed aggressive behavior and escape attempt in the highest concentration (5.2&#956;g.L-1), restlessness, erratic swimming and branchial hyperventilation at all concentrations in four experiments. Histologically there was hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, detachment and destruction of the lamellar epithelium. The morphometric analysis showed a reduction of number and diameter of chloride cells, the thickness of the primary lamellae, and the length of the secondary lamellae, within and between experiments (P<0.05). It was observed an increase in the number of mucus cells and coincident points with the gill tissue (P<0.05) in the highest concentration (5.2&#956;g.L-1) in experiments 1 and 2. There was an increase (P<0.05) in the diameter of the aneurysm in the experiment 1 when compared to the others. There was no difference (P>0.05) in the diameter of mucus cells, vasodilation, and the amount of the hemorrhage focus between the experiments. Morphometric analysis showed that changes in experiment 1 were more evident when compared to others. Based on these results the experiment showed that the gills of A. bimaculatus can be used as biomarkers of environmental contamination by Thiodan® but the fish should not be used as bioindicator organism, because it has low sensibility to this product.