Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um gaseificador de biomassa e estudo do potencial de produção de biogás com resíduos agrícolas e da avicultura

• Autor(a) principal: Zanatta, Fábio Luiz
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/698
• topic: Gaseificação de biomassa; Biodigestão anaeróbia; Cama de aviário; Gasification of biomass; Anaerobic digestion; Poultry litter; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

In order to develop alternatives for heating air, which can be used for the thermal conditioning of poultry houses, drying of agricultural products and dehydration of fruits, the biomass gasification and anaerobic digestion of poultry litter, chicken manure, wheat straw and rye silage were studied. The work is divided into two chapters, the first being the development and evaluation of an automated updraft biomass gasifier, supplied with eucalyptus firewood of different sizes (logs measuring 15, 50 and 100 cm in length, and eucalyptus firewood chips). The gasifier was designed and then built and evaluated in Agricultural Storage Area of the DEA/UFV. Factor studies was temperature profile inside the gasifier, synthesis gas composition, CO concentration in the hot air from the fan outlet, air factor and overall system efficiency. According to the results, the best average of HHV (higher heating value) measured in the synthesis gas (5.66 MJ / m³) was observed when using eucalyptus logs measuring 15 cm in lenght. The eucalyptus firewood chips had the lowest average concentration of CO in the warm air fan outlet (197.7 ppm) and the best overall system efficiency (95.4%). The gasifier was capable of generating synthesis gas using firewood with different studied dimensions. The automatic system worked perfectly, and the use of hot air generated in direct applications must respect the maximum CO concentration for poultry activities. The second chapter investigated the potential biogas production using poultry litter and combinations of poultry litter, wheat straw, chicken manure and rye silage, with the objective of replacing conventional sources of energy in poultry heating systems.The study was conducted in the biogas laboratory "Biogastechnikum" of the ATB in Potsdam-Germany, from May to November of 2010, according to German Standard VDI 4630. Three experiments were set up in batches. According to results, the highest average production of biogas and methane was with wheat straw, obtaining a production of 518.44 lNbiogas/kgTS and 272.73 lNmethane/kgTS, respectively. Regarding the combinations tested, the mixture of 74% TS of poultry litter and 26% of TS of wheat straw provided good results of biogas production (419.77 lNbiogas/kgTS and 244.83 lNmethane/kgST). From the analysis of consumption and costs of LPG and firewood fuels, used for the heating of poultry houses, it was observed that these may be replaced by biogas. According to results, it was concluded that biogas production from poultry litter, chicken manure, wheat straw and their combination is feasible. It was also observed that the higher proportion of wheat straw in the mix resulted greater biogas production. Moreover, it was concluded that only 25% of the poultry litter produced in an aviary with 18,000 birds would be sufficient to generate the energy needed for poultry house heating, where 75% of poultry litter would remain for other purposes.