Secagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2006 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV |
Texto Completo: | http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/790 |
Resumo: | The marketing of the medicinal plants is among a very competitive market. In Brazil, in spite of the effective legislation, the plant medicine it is still marketed under uncertain way due to the inefficiency in quality control mainly in the post harvest stage of the plants which serve as the raw materials for the medicines. The Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf species is well known e used in several countries for medicinal purposes and also it has being used and applied in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and perfumery industries. Because of its importance, several works have being done related to this species. Although the post harvesting process steps such as drying and storage are lack of informations about them. Therefore due to the growing market of such species as medicinal plant, this work was conducted in order to get more specific knowledges about it in the area of pre processing engineering for analyzing and solving problems of drying the C. citratus leaves allowing to predict the quality changes and have the response to different packing ways during the storage. It also was evaluated the quality of the different brands and packing type of the tea species marketed in the local stores or free market square. The experimental procedure was divided in three steps: drying, storage and evaluation of differents C. citratus tea marks. In the drying, the C. citratus leaves were cut with different lengths (2, 5, 20 and 30 cm) and dried by the use of an laboratory model drier using propane gas for air heating. The leaves were dried at different drying air temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60°C). The drying experimental data were adjusted to different empiric and semi-empiric equations for modeling the drying curves. In the dried leaves storage, were evaluated in term of their color and their essential oil chemical composition. Three different packing methods were used for storing the dried leaves. The first one in polypropylene bag inside of two Kraft paper bags, the second one in polypropylene bags and the third one in two Kraft paper bags inside of polypropylene bag. Every two months the leaves were taken out for evaluating them for their color, moisture content, essential oil content and chemical composition of the essential oil. For evaluating the quality of the commercial dried leaves it was used the colorimetric analysis for color evaluation, essential oil yield and, also the identity and their constituent quantities. According to the results it can be concluded that: a) the Modified Page mathematical model was that best represented the drying experimental data; b) The diffusion coefficient presenting results within 1.00 x 10-11 to 6.03 x 10-11m2 s-1; c) the activation energy varied from 35.78 to 51.19 kJ mol-1; d) shorter leaves cut resulted on higher essential oil yield in relation to the longer leaves cut; e) the drying temperature of 50°C showed be better for drying the species resulting; f) during the storage, the essential oil content of the dried leaves decreased linearly, independent to the type of wrapping but still within the limits of what the Brazilian legislation establishes for pharmaceutical products; g) the citral and mirceno contents were reduced in function of their storage period, the amount of citral in the product after 12 months maintained within the Brazilian s Phamacopeia IV advocates for the species in question; h) in the relation to the product color during the storage, there was larger alteration in the polypropylene wrapping, which didn t protect the product of the ambient light, resulting, at the end of 12 months, in a product with a more grayish green color; i) within the evaluated tea brands, 54.5% of them presented essential oil content within the Brazilian legislation specifications; j) the dried leaves grinding process resulted in less essential oil content; l) the concentrations of citral, mirceno and geraniol showed the existing of a great variability on chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from different brands. |
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Martinazzo, Ana Paulahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4796990Y1Barbosa, Luiz Claudio de Almeidahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781106J2Melo, Evandro de Castrohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787549E4Carneiro, Antônio Policarpo Souzahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799449E8Borém, Flávio Meirahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723068H6Silva, Luís César dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4793547H02015-03-26T12:31:36Z2006-11-082015-03-26T12:31:36Z2006-08-25MARTINAZZO, Ana Paula. Drying, storage and quality of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf leaves. 2006. 156 f. Tese (Doutorado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2006.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/790The marketing of the medicinal plants is among a very competitive market. In Brazil, in spite of the effective legislation, the plant medicine it is still marketed under uncertain way due to the inefficiency in quality control mainly in the post harvest stage of the plants which serve as the raw materials for the medicines. The Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf species is well known e used in several countries for medicinal purposes and also it has being used and applied in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and perfumery industries. Because of its importance, several works have being done related to this species. Although the post harvesting process steps such as drying and storage are lack of informations about them. Therefore due to the growing market of such species as medicinal plant, this work was conducted in order to get more specific knowledges about it in the area of pre processing engineering for analyzing and solving problems of drying the C. citratus leaves allowing to predict the quality changes and have the response to different packing ways during the storage. It also was evaluated the quality of the different brands and packing type of the tea species marketed in the local stores or free market square. The experimental procedure was divided in three steps: drying, storage and evaluation of differents C. citratus tea marks. In the drying, the C. citratus leaves were cut with different lengths (2, 5, 20 and 30 cm) and dried by the use of an laboratory model drier using propane gas for air heating. The leaves were dried at different drying air temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60°C). The drying experimental data were adjusted to different empiric and semi-empiric equations for modeling the drying curves. In the dried leaves storage, were evaluated in term of their color and their essential oil chemical composition. Three different packing methods were used for storing the dried leaves. The first one in polypropylene bag inside of two Kraft paper bags, the second one in polypropylene bags and the third one in two Kraft paper bags inside of polypropylene bag. Every two months the leaves were taken out for evaluating them for their color, moisture content, essential oil content and chemical composition of the essential oil. For evaluating the quality of the commercial dried leaves it was used the colorimetric analysis for color evaluation, essential oil yield and, also the identity and their constituent quantities. According to the results it can be concluded that: a) the Modified Page mathematical model was that best represented the drying experimental data; b) The diffusion coefficient presenting results within 1.00 x 10-11 to 6.03 x 10-11m2 s-1; c) the activation energy varied from 35.78 to 51.19 kJ mol-1; d) shorter leaves cut resulted on higher essential oil yield in relation to the longer leaves cut; e) the drying temperature of 50°C showed be better for drying the species resulting; f) during the storage, the essential oil content of the dried leaves decreased linearly, independent to the type of wrapping but still within the limits of what the Brazilian legislation establishes for pharmaceutical products; g) the citral and mirceno contents were reduced in function of their storage period, the amount of citral in the product after 12 months maintained within the Brazilian s Phamacopeia IV advocates for the species in question; h) in the relation to the product color during the storage, there was larger alteration in the polypropylene wrapping, which didn t protect the product of the ambient light, resulting, at the end of 12 months, in a product with a more grayish green color; i) within the evaluated tea brands, 54.5% of them presented essential oil content within the Brazilian legislation specifications; j) the dried leaves grinding process resulted in less essential oil content; l) the concentrations of citral, mirceno and geraniol showed the existing of a great variability on chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from different brands.A comercialização de plantas medicinais está inserida num mercado bastante competitivo. No Brasil, apesar da legislação vigente, os medicamentos fitoterápicos ainda são, em grande parte, comercializados de forma precária, em função da ineficiência do controle de qualidade principalmente na etapa de pós-colheita das plantas que servem como matéria-prima para esses medicamentos. A espécie Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf é amplamente conhecida e utilizada em diversos países para fins medicinais e tem seu uso e aplicação nas indústrias farmacêuticas, alimentícias, de cosméticos e perfumaria. Devido à sua importância, vários trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos em relação a essa espécie. Entretanto, as etapas pós-colheita, entre elas, a secagem e o armazenamento, ainda são carentes de informações. Tendo em vista o mercado de plantas medicinais e a necessidade de conhecimentos específicos na área de engenharia de pré-processamento nesse setor, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho com a finalidade de equacionar e analisar alguns aspectos da secagem de folhas de C. citratus que permitam prever as alterações na qualidade do produto e o reflexo desse processo durante o período de armazenamento em diferentes embalagens. Avaliou-se, ainda, a qualidade de diferentes marcas de chá da espécie, comercializadas em supermercados e feiras-livres. A etapa experimental foi dividida em três partes: secagem, armazenamento e avaliação de diferentes marcas comerciais de chá de C. citratus. Na secagem, folhas da espécie em estudo foram submetidas a cortes transversais em diferentes comprimentos (2, 5, 20 e 30 cm) e à secagem em secador à gás em diferentes temperaturas do ar aquecido (30, 40, 50 e 60oC). Aos dados experimentais de secagem, ajustaram-se diferentes equações empíricas e semi-empíricas para a modelagem das curvas de secagem. Realizaram-se também avaliações do produto seco, referentes à cor, teor e composição química do óleo essencial. No armazenamento das folhas secas, utilizaram-se três diferentes tipos de embalagem. A primeira, composta por um pacote de polipropileno, envolto por dois pacotes de papel Kraft; a segunda, composta por um pacote de polipropileno; e a terceira, composta por dois pacotes de papel Kraft, envoltos por um pacote de polipropileno. A cada dois meses, eram retiradas amostras e realizadas avaliações do produto referentes à cor, teor de umidade, teor de óleo essencial e sua composição química. Para avaliação da qualidade dos produtos comerciais destinados a chá, foram realizadas análises de colorimetria, rendimento de óleo essencial, assim como a identificação e quantificação de seus constituintes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que: a) o modelo de Page modificado foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados observados para descrição da cinética de secagem da espécie; b) os valores do coeficiente de difusão variaram entre 1,00 x 10-11 a 6,03 x 10-11 m2 s-1; c) os valores da energia de ativação variaram de 35,78 a 51,19 kJ mol-1; d) as folhas no comprimento de corte de 2 e 5 cm e submetidas à secagem, resultaram em maior rendimento de óleo essencial, em relação às folhas secas no tamanho de 20 e 30 cm; e) a temperatura do ar de secagem de 50oC, demonstrou ser a mais indicada para a secagem da espécie em estudo; f) durante o período de armazenamento, o teor de óleo essencial do produto seco decaiu linearmente, independentemente da embalagem utilizada, permanecendo, durante os 12 meses, dentro do estabelecido pela Legislação Brasileira para produtos farmacêuticos; g) o teor de citral e de mirceno reduziu em função do período de armazenamento. Mesmo com o decréscimo, a quantidade de citral no produto ao final dos 12 meses, manteve-se dentro do preconizado pela Farmacopéia Brasileira IV; h) em relação à coloração do produto durante o armazenamento, houve maior alteração na embalagem de polipropileno, a qual não protegia o produto da luz ambiente, resultando, ao final dos doze meses, em um produto com uma coloração verde mais acinzentada; i) dentre as marcas de chás avaliadas, 54,5% apresentaram teor de óleo essencial dentro do estipulado pela Legislação Brasileira para Chás; j) o processo de moagem das folhas secas para chá, produziu perda na quantidade de óleo essencial; l) a concentração de citral obtida entre as amostras analisadas variou de 40,7 a 75,4%, a de mirceno de 0,24 a 7,04% e a de geraniol de 0,40 a 11,3%, mostrando a variabilidade existente na composição química do óleo essencial obtido entre as diferentes marcas.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em Engenharia AgrícolaUFVBRConstruções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produCapim-limãoSecagemArmazenamentoQualidadePlantas medicinaisPós-colheitaCymbopogon citratusCymbopogon citratusDryingStorageQualityPost-harvestingMedicinal plantsCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::ENGENHARIA DE PROCESSAMENTO DE PRODUTOS AGRICOLASSecagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) StapfDrying, storage and quality of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Secagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Drying, storage and quality of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf leaves |
title |
Secagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf |
spellingShingle |
Secagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf Martinazzo, Ana Paula Capim-limão Secagem Armazenamento Qualidade Plantas medicinais Pós-colheita Cymbopogon citratus Cymbopogon citratus Drying Storage Quality Post-harvesting Medicinal plants CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::ENGENHARIA DE PROCESSAMENTO DE PRODUTOS AGRICOLAS |
title_short |
Secagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf |
title_full |
Secagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf |
title_fullStr |
Secagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf |
title_full_unstemmed |
Secagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf |
title_sort |
Secagem, armazenamento e qualidade de folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf |
author |
Martinazzo, Ana Paula |
author_facet |
Martinazzo, Ana Paula |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4796990Y1 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Martinazzo, Ana Paula |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Barbosa, Luiz Claudio de Almeida |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4781106J2 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Melo, Evandro de Castro |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787549E4 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Carneiro, Antônio Policarpo Souza |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799449E8 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Borém, Flávio Meira |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723068H6 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Luís César da |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4793547H0 |
contributor_str_mv |
Barbosa, Luiz Claudio de Almeida Melo, Evandro de Castro Carneiro, Antônio Policarpo Souza Borém, Flávio Meira Silva, Luís César da |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Capim-limão Secagem Armazenamento Qualidade Plantas medicinais Pós-colheita Cymbopogon citratus |
topic |
Capim-limão Secagem Armazenamento Qualidade Plantas medicinais Pós-colheita Cymbopogon citratus Cymbopogon citratus Drying Storage Quality Post-harvesting Medicinal plants CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::ENGENHARIA DE PROCESSAMENTO DE PRODUTOS AGRICOLAS |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Cymbopogon citratus Drying Storage Quality Post-harvesting Medicinal plants |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::ENGENHARIA DE PROCESSAMENTO DE PRODUTOS AGRICOLAS |
description |
The marketing of the medicinal plants is among a very competitive market. In Brazil, in spite of the effective legislation, the plant medicine it is still marketed under uncertain way due to the inefficiency in quality control mainly in the post harvest stage of the plants which serve as the raw materials for the medicines. The Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf species is well known e used in several countries for medicinal purposes and also it has being used and applied in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and perfumery industries. Because of its importance, several works have being done related to this species. Although the post harvesting process steps such as drying and storage are lack of informations about them. Therefore due to the growing market of such species as medicinal plant, this work was conducted in order to get more specific knowledges about it in the area of pre processing engineering for analyzing and solving problems of drying the C. citratus leaves allowing to predict the quality changes and have the response to different packing ways during the storage. It also was evaluated the quality of the different brands and packing type of the tea species marketed in the local stores or free market square. The experimental procedure was divided in three steps: drying, storage and evaluation of differents C. citratus tea marks. In the drying, the C. citratus leaves were cut with different lengths (2, 5, 20 and 30 cm) and dried by the use of an laboratory model drier using propane gas for air heating. The leaves were dried at different drying air temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60°C). The drying experimental data were adjusted to different empiric and semi-empiric equations for modeling the drying curves. In the dried leaves storage, were evaluated in term of their color and their essential oil chemical composition. Three different packing methods were used for storing the dried leaves. The first one in polypropylene bag inside of two Kraft paper bags, the second one in polypropylene bags and the third one in two Kraft paper bags inside of polypropylene bag. Every two months the leaves were taken out for evaluating them for their color, moisture content, essential oil content and chemical composition of the essential oil. For evaluating the quality of the commercial dried leaves it was used the colorimetric analysis for color evaluation, essential oil yield and, also the identity and their constituent quantities. According to the results it can be concluded that: a) the Modified Page mathematical model was that best represented the drying experimental data; b) The diffusion coefficient presenting results within 1.00 x 10-11 to 6.03 x 10-11m2 s-1; c) the activation energy varied from 35.78 to 51.19 kJ mol-1; d) shorter leaves cut resulted on higher essential oil yield in relation to the longer leaves cut; e) the drying temperature of 50°C showed be better for drying the species resulting; f) during the storage, the essential oil content of the dried leaves decreased linearly, independent to the type of wrapping but still within the limits of what the Brazilian legislation establishes for pharmaceutical products; g) the citral and mirceno contents were reduced in function of their storage period, the amount of citral in the product after 12 months maintained within the Brazilian s Phamacopeia IV advocates for the species in question; h) in the relation to the product color during the storage, there was larger alteration in the polypropylene wrapping, which didn t protect the product of the ambient light, resulting, at the end of 12 months, in a product with a more grayish green color; i) within the evaluated tea brands, 54.5% of them presented essential oil content within the Brazilian legislation specifications; j) the dried leaves grinding process resulted in less essential oil content; l) the concentrations of citral, mirceno and geraniol showed the existing of a great variability on chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from different brands. |
publishDate |
2006 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2006-11-08 2015-03-26T12:31:36Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2006-08-25 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2015-03-26T12:31:36Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
MARTINAZZO, Ana Paula. Drying, storage and quality of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf leaves. 2006. 156 f. Tese (Doutorado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2006. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/790 |
identifier_str_mv |
MARTINAZZO, Ana Paula. Drying, storage and quality of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf leaves. 2006. 156 f. Tese (Doutorado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2006. |
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http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/790 |
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UFV |
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BR |
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Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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