Características morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejo

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Zanine, Anderson de Moura
Data de Publicação: 2007
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1902
Resumo: Grazing management should optimize forage accumulation, in order that most of the growth structures, such as leaves and culms, are harvested in a stage of development not to jeopardize the animal performance, as well as to minimize losses by senescence processes. Management strategies establishing pre- and post-grazing heights should therefore be studied, in order to set goals to minimize losses and guarantee pasture permanence. The experiment was carried out in area of the Animal Science Department at the Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, from November 2005 to October 2006. It aimed at evaluating morphogenic and structural characteristics, dynamics of tillering and forage accumulation of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) under different frequencies and intensities of grazing. The treatments consisted of combinations of two intervals between grazing periods based on light interception (LI) by the canopy during regrowth (90 and 95% LI) and two defoliation intensities (postgrazing heights of 30 and 50 cm), using the mob grazing technique. They were allocated to the experimental units (paddocks) following a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, in a complete randomized block design, with three repetitions, making up 12 experimental units, and were termed (90/30, 90/50, 95/30 and 95/50). Pre and post-grazing heights, mass and forage accumulation and morphogenic and structural characteristics of the pastures were evaluated. The evaluations in the marked tillers were carried out right after grazing and in successive three-day intervals. Pasture height in pre-grazing was homogeneous and not varying much, with values close to 65 and 75 cm for 90 and 95% of LI respectively. Pastures managed at 50 cm post-grazing height showed larger number of grazing cycles (7,5) than pastures managed at 30 cm (6,5), because of the shorter intervals between grazing. However, the larger number of grazing cycles was not enough to compensate for the smaller crop efficiency in those treatments, leading to lower forage accumulation at the end of the experimental period. The morphogenic and structural characteristics were affected by the seasons of the year. Leaf elongation rate and leaf appearance rate in the summer was 2,5 times higher than those recorded in the fall and winter/beginning of spring. Besides season effects, the post-grazing height effect was also observed, which was responsible for the largest tiller renewal during the summer. The highest forage accumulations occurred in the treatments 95/30 and 90/30. This superiority was mainly consequence of the high accumulation of leaf blades, mostly in the end of spring and summer. Considering the largest mass and forage accumulation, the largest percentages of leaf blades and lower participation of dead material, and stability of tiller population, the grazing management of Tanzania grass under rotational stocking should be done when 95% of the incident light is intercepted, that is to say, a pre-grazing height of 75 cm and the removal of the animals with post-grazing height of 30 cm. When the pastures reach a condition very close to grazing (70 cm height), it is possible to adjust the management allowing the animals into the paddocks a little earlier, with 90% of LI or 65 cm height, without impairing pasture production and roductivity.
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spelling Zanine, Anderson de Mourahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4739545Y6Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780539D6Obeid, Jose Antoniohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783584U8Nascimento Júnior, Domicio dohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727632A3Euclides, Valéria Pacheco Batistahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783984P3Silva, Sila Carneiro dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4784102D02015-03-26T12:55:03Z2013-04-102015-03-26T12:55:03Z2007-03-19ZANINE, Anderson de Moura. Morphogenic and structural characteristics and forage accumulation of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania under different intensities and frequencies of grazing. 2007. 63 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2007.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1902Grazing management should optimize forage accumulation, in order that most of the growth structures, such as leaves and culms, are harvested in a stage of development not to jeopardize the animal performance, as well as to minimize losses by senescence processes. Management strategies establishing pre- and post-grazing heights should therefore be studied, in order to set goals to minimize losses and guarantee pasture permanence. The experiment was carried out in area of the Animal Science Department at the Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, from November 2005 to October 2006. It aimed at evaluating morphogenic and structural characteristics, dynamics of tillering and forage accumulation of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) under different frequencies and intensities of grazing. The treatments consisted of combinations of two intervals between grazing periods based on light interception (LI) by the canopy during regrowth (90 and 95% LI) and two defoliation intensities (postgrazing heights of 30 and 50 cm), using the mob grazing technique. They were allocated to the experimental units (paddocks) following a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, in a complete randomized block design, with three repetitions, making up 12 experimental units, and were termed (90/30, 90/50, 95/30 and 95/50). Pre and post-grazing heights, mass and forage accumulation and morphogenic and structural characteristics of the pastures were evaluated. The evaluations in the marked tillers were carried out right after grazing and in successive three-day intervals. Pasture height in pre-grazing was homogeneous and not varying much, with values close to 65 and 75 cm for 90 and 95% of LI respectively. Pastures managed at 50 cm post-grazing height showed larger number of grazing cycles (7,5) than pastures managed at 30 cm (6,5), because of the shorter intervals between grazing. However, the larger number of grazing cycles was not enough to compensate for the smaller crop efficiency in those treatments, leading to lower forage accumulation at the end of the experimental period. The morphogenic and structural characteristics were affected by the seasons of the year. Leaf elongation rate and leaf appearance rate in the summer was 2,5 times higher than those recorded in the fall and winter/beginning of spring. Besides season effects, the post-grazing height effect was also observed, which was responsible for the largest tiller renewal during the summer. The highest forage accumulations occurred in the treatments 95/30 and 90/30. This superiority was mainly consequence of the high accumulation of leaf blades, mostly in the end of spring and summer. Considering the largest mass and forage accumulation, the largest percentages of leaf blades and lower participation of dead material, and stability of tiller population, the grazing management of Tanzania grass under rotational stocking should be done when 95% of the incident light is intercepted, that is to say, a pre-grazing height of 75 cm and the removal of the animals with post-grazing height of 30 cm. When the pastures reach a condition very close to grazing (70 cm height), it is possible to adjust the management allowing the animals into the paddocks a little earlier, with 90% of LI or 65 cm height, without impairing pasture production and roductivity.O manejo do pastejo deve visar à otimização do processo de acúmulo de forragem, de maneira que a maior parte das estruturas de crescimento, como folhas e colmos, seja colhida em estádio de desenvolvimento que não comprometa o desempenho dos animais, e que as perdas pelos processos de senescência sejam minimizadas. Por isso, o conhecimento de estratégias de manejo que permitam estabelecer as alturas de pré e pós-pastejo devem ser estudadas, no sentido de se estabelecer metas que minimizem perdas e garantam a perenidade do pasto. O experimento foi realizado em área do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa, Minas Gerais, durante o período de novembro de 2005 a outubro de 2006. O objetivo foi avaliar as características morfogênicas e estruturais, a dinâmica do perfilhamento e o acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a freqüências e intensidades de pastejo. Os tratamentos corresponderam a combinações entre dois intervalos entre pastejos baseados na interceptação luminosa (IL) pelo dossel durante a rebrotação (90 e 95% de IL) e duas intensidades de desfolhação (alturas pós-pastejo de 30 e 50 cm), sendo o mob grazing, o método de pastejo utilizado. Estes foram alocados às unidades experimentais (piquetes) segundo um arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, em delineamento experimental de blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições, totalizando 12 unidades experimentais, e receberam as seguintes denominações (90/30, 90/50, 95/30 e 95/50). Foram avaliadas as alturas de pré e pós-pastejo, massa e acúmulo de forragem e as características morfogênicas e estruturais dos pastos. As avaliações nos perfilhos marcados foram realizadas logo após o pastejo e em intervalos sucessivos de três dias. A altura do pasto em pré-pastejo comportou-se de forma homogênea e pouco variável, com valores próximos aos 65 e 75 cm para metas de 90 e 95% de IL, respectivamente. Pastos manejados a 50 cm de altura pós-pastejo apresentaram maior número de ciclos de pastejo (7,5) que pastos manejados a 30 cm (6,5), em virtude dos menores intervalos entre pastejos. Porém, o maior número de ciclos de pastejo não foi suficiente para compensar a menor eficiência de colheita nesses tratamentos, implicando em menor acúmulo de forragem ao final do período experimental. As características morfogênicas e estruturais foram afetadas pelas épocas do ano. As taxas de alongamento e aparecimento de folhas no verão foram 2,5 vezes superiores àquelas registradas no outono e inverno/início da primavera. Além do efeito de épocas do ano, foi verificado o efeito de altura pós-pastejo, responsável pela maior renovação de perfilhos durante o verão. Os maiores acúmulos de forragem ocorreram nos tratamentos 95/30 e 90/30. Essa superioridade foi conseqüência, principalmente, do elevado acúmulo de lâminas foliares, principalmente nas épocas de final de primavera e verão. Considerando-se que as maiores massas e acúmulo de forragem, as maiores porcentagens de lâminas foliares e menor participação de material morto, e estabilidade da população de perfilhos, o manejo de pastejo do capim-tanzânia sob lotação rotativa deve ser feito quando 95% da luz incidente estiver sendo interceptada, ou seja, uma altura pré-pastejo de 75 cm e a saída dos animais com 30 cm de altura pós-pastejo. Quando os pastos chegarem em condição de pastejo muito próximas (70 cm de altura), é possível flexibilizar o manejo permitindo a entrada dos animais um pouco mais cedo, com 90% de IL ou 65 cm de altura, sem prejuízos para a produção e produtividade dos pastos.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em ZootecniaUFVBRGenética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e ForragiculCapimManejoMorfogêneseFreqüênciaIntensidadeForageGrassManagementMorphogenesisFrequencyIntensityCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURACaracterísticas morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejoMorphogenic and structural characteristics and forage accumulation of Panicum maximum cv. 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Características morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejo
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Morphogenic and structural characteristics and forage accumulation of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania under different intensities and frequencies of grazing
title Características morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejo
spellingShingle Características morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejo
Zanine, Anderson de Moura
Capim
Manejo
Morfogênese
Freqüência
Intensidade
Forage
Grass
Management
Morphogenesis
Frequency
Intensity
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURA
title_short Características morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejo
title_full Características morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejo
title_fullStr Características morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejo
title_full_unstemmed Características morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejo
title_sort Características morfogênicas, estruturais e acúmulo de forragem do capim Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia submetido a intensidades e freqüências de pastejo
author Zanine, Anderson de Moura
author_facet Zanine, Anderson de Moura
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4739545Y6
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Zanine, Anderson de Moura
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda da
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780539D6
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv Obeid, Jose Antonio
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783584U8
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Nascimento Júnior, Domicio do
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727632A3
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Euclides, Valéria Pacheco Batista
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783984P3
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Silva, Sila Carneiro da
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4784102D0
contributor_str_mv Fonseca, Dilermando Miranda da
Obeid, Jose Antonio
Nascimento Júnior, Domicio do
Euclides, Valéria Pacheco Batista
Silva, Sila Carneiro da
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Capim
Manejo
Morfogênese
Freqüência
Intensidade
topic Capim
Manejo
Morfogênese
Freqüência
Intensidade
Forage
Grass
Management
Morphogenesis
Frequency
Intensity
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURA
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Forage
Grass
Management
Morphogenesis
Frequency
Intensity
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PASTAGEM E FORRAGICULTURA
description Grazing management should optimize forage accumulation, in order that most of the growth structures, such as leaves and culms, are harvested in a stage of development not to jeopardize the animal performance, as well as to minimize losses by senescence processes. Management strategies establishing pre- and post-grazing heights should therefore be studied, in order to set goals to minimize losses and guarantee pasture permanence. The experiment was carried out in area of the Animal Science Department at the Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, from November 2005 to October 2006. It aimed at evaluating morphogenic and structural characteristics, dynamics of tillering and forage accumulation of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) under different frequencies and intensities of grazing. The treatments consisted of combinations of two intervals between grazing periods based on light interception (LI) by the canopy during regrowth (90 and 95% LI) and two defoliation intensities (postgrazing heights of 30 and 50 cm), using the mob grazing technique. They were allocated to the experimental units (paddocks) following a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, in a complete randomized block design, with three repetitions, making up 12 experimental units, and were termed (90/30, 90/50, 95/30 and 95/50). Pre and post-grazing heights, mass and forage accumulation and morphogenic and structural characteristics of the pastures were evaluated. The evaluations in the marked tillers were carried out right after grazing and in successive three-day intervals. Pasture height in pre-grazing was homogeneous and not varying much, with values close to 65 and 75 cm for 90 and 95% of LI respectively. Pastures managed at 50 cm post-grazing height showed larger number of grazing cycles (7,5) than pastures managed at 30 cm (6,5), because of the shorter intervals between grazing. However, the larger number of grazing cycles was not enough to compensate for the smaller crop efficiency in those treatments, leading to lower forage accumulation at the end of the experimental period. The morphogenic and structural characteristics were affected by the seasons of the year. Leaf elongation rate and leaf appearance rate in the summer was 2,5 times higher than those recorded in the fall and winter/beginning of spring. Besides season effects, the post-grazing height effect was also observed, which was responsible for the largest tiller renewal during the summer. The highest forage accumulations occurred in the treatments 95/30 and 90/30. This superiority was mainly consequence of the high accumulation of leaf blades, mostly in the end of spring and summer. Considering the largest mass and forage accumulation, the largest percentages of leaf blades and lower participation of dead material, and stability of tiller population, the grazing management of Tanzania grass under rotational stocking should be done when 95% of the incident light is intercepted, that is to say, a pre-grazing height of 75 cm and the removal of the animals with post-grazing height of 30 cm. When the pastures reach a condition very close to grazing (70 cm height), it is possible to adjust the management allowing the animals into the paddocks a little earlier, with 90% of LI or 65 cm height, without impairing pasture production and roductivity.
publishDate 2007
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2007-03-19
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2013-04-10
2015-03-26T12:55:03Z
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2015-03-26T12:55:03Z
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv ZANINE, Anderson de Moura. Morphogenic and structural characteristics and forage accumulation of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania under different intensities and frequencies of grazing. 2007. 63 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2007.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1902
identifier_str_mv ZANINE, Anderson de Moura. Morphogenic and structural characteristics and forage accumulation of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania under different intensities and frequencies of grazing. 2007. 63 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2007.
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dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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