Interação nitrogênio e resíduo de eucalipto na estabilização do carbono no solo

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Fernanda Cristina Caparelli de
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5471
• topic: Matéria orgânica; Litter; 15N; Organic matter; Litter; 15N; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

The content of soil organic matter (SOM) is one of the most important indicators of the quality and sustainability of soils. In forestry sector, the management practices are planned so that soil carbon (C) stocks are sustained along rotations. It seems that nitrogen (N) additions in Eucalyptus sp. plantations can accelerate the litter and labile organic matter decomposition at initial stages, but it may contribute to residue C stabilization in more recalcitrant fractions of SOM. This study aimed at quantifying under field conditions: 1) the effect of the N rate on the decomposition of eucalypt harvest residues; 2) the C dynamic into particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral associated organic matter (MAM); and 3) to determine the transfer of fertilizer nitrogen-15 to POM and MAM. The experiment was conducted on short-rotation eucalypt areas in two regions (South and West) with distintic precipitation and clay content, near Eunápolis, in Southern Bahia. The treatments consisted of four levels of N (0, 25, 50 e 100 kg ha-1), five sampling periods (0, 3, 6, 12 and 36 months) all without harvest residue removal and an additional treatment without N addition and harvest residue. Ammonium nitrate was the source of N, except at the 50 kg ha-1 at which 5 % of dose was applied as 15(NH4)2SO4 (98 atom % excess 15N). The experiment was in a randomized block design, with five replicates. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm. The application of 50 kg ha-1 of N in the South region reduced the decomposition rate of branches, bark and the combined residues (leaves + branch + bark). Branches and bark showed the higher N half-life time (t0,5). When aboveground plant residues were removed and the roots were the sole C input there was a 33 and 14 % decrease on the more stable MAM-C stocks, respectively, at the South and West regions. In South region N addition preserved more C derived from C4 plants that used to be planted in the area before the eucalypt. After three years of N additions, more fertilizer 15N was in the MAM fraction and less 15N was detected below the 10 cm depth.