Resistência de genótipos de trigo à brusone (Pyricularia grisea)

• Autor(a) principal: Takami, Lucas Kenji
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4546
• topic: Resistência varietal; Brusone; Triticum aestirum; Varietal resistance; Blast; Triticum aestirum; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a grass grown and used as an energy source worldwide being cultivated in several regions of Brazil. However, some diseases severity and ineffective chemical control have been threatening Brazilian wheat production. Among the diseases, the blast of wheat caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea, is gaining a prominent role, being able to reduce crop yields by up to 70%. Chemical control of the disease has been unsatisfactory and there is little information on genetic resistance available in the literature. Resistance is the best way to control diseases by both economically and environmentally advantages. Given these facts, the objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance to blast of wheat genotypes for later use in breeding programs. It was obtained 10 different isolates of the cereal producing regions in Brazil. The isolates were transferred to PDA medium (potato dextrose agar) and after development and cleansing of the colonies were transferred to OA medium (oatmeal and agar) and maintained at a temperature of about 25 ° C and light regime of 12 hours for 10 days for sporulation of the fungus to occur. The concentration of the fungus used in the inoculations was adjusted to 1.2 x 105 spores / mL. In the first experiment, plants were inoculated when they had four leaves. The plants were kept under controlled conditions at 25° C and evaluated seven days after inoculation. Plants were classified according to the type of infection and later was calculated the Resistance Spectrum Relative (RSR) (percentage of isolates that the genotype expressed resistance) and the Disease Index (DI) (resistance of a genotype using all range of types of infection). The DI values were considered different (p≤0,05) if their confidence intervals (95%) did not overlap. Genotypes IVI 04033, VI 07443, VI 07505, IVI 04028, VI 07157, VI 04026, VI 98053 and VI 07160 were susceptible to more than 80% of isolates. Five varieties and four lines had a RSR greater than 50% and DIs smaller than 0.6. Among the lines stood out VI 04098 and VI 07094 with RSR greater than 80%, equating to the variety IPR 85. In the second experiment conducted under field conditions, inoculation was done staggered, according to the cycle of the genotypes, when plants reached the stage of 58-60 in Zadoks scale (1974), being applied 1L of suspension of P. grisea at a concentration of 1.2 x 105/mL per plot. Productivity was assessed by harvesting each plot area (3 m2). Disease incidence was assessed by the percentage of infected spikes and severity was assessed by the percentage of infected spikelets in each spike.The yield ranged from 879 to 3983 kg / ha, the incidence of the disease ranged from 0.86 to 84.24% and the severity ranged from 0.48 to 65.29%. Seven genotypes were classified as MR, three genotypes as MS and nine as S. The highlights were the cultivars CD 116, CD 104, IPR 85 and line VI 07094 with yields exceeding 3000 kg / ha and severity lower than 6%. The three variables yield, incidence and severity showed significant correlation with each other.