Efeito ambiental e genotípico no teor de nutrientes acumulados em sementes de arroz, Oryza sativa

• Autor(a) principal: Mendes, Giselle Camargo
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4314
• topic: Arroz; Ferro; Biofortificação; Rice; Iron; Biofortification; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA::FISIOLOGIA DE PLANTAS CULTIVADAS

Plants acquired strategies I and II for iron absorption. Strategy I occurs in terrestrial plants and includes the reduction of iron in the ferric form (Fe+3) to ferrous form (Fe+2). Strategy II of iron absorption is present in grasses and is characterized by the release of phytosiderophores to the environment that chelate ferric iron. The grain filling process in cereals involves the transfer of assimilates directly from the xylem to the grain and also remobilization of assimilates from vegetative organs through the phloem. The aim of this work was to study the pattern of accumulated nutrients in seeds of rice genotypes cultivated in two regions of Brazil and to study the pattern and correlations among the nutrients accumulated in the grain. Moreover, it was verified the occurrence of transcripts homologous to rice (Oryza sativa) gene families known to be related to iron homeostasis in ESTs databases of Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum and Saccharum officinalis and in a database containing only maize (Z. mays) endosperm ESTs. These analyses pointed to gene families that are functionally expressed in these species and specifically during the formation of the maize grain. For the analysis of accumulation of nutrients in the grain it was used ICP-MS and the data were subjected to statistical analysis: ANOVA, Pearson correlation and path analysis. The Pearson correlation results of accumulated nutrients in the grain do not demonstrated the direct and indirect effects of nutrients accumulated. On the other hand, the path analysis of these same data revealed a direct correlation of Fe with P, S and Ca in the experiment conducted in MG and direct correlation of Fe with P in the experiment conducted in the RS. The data of correlation between iron content in flag leaves and panicle of rice in different stages of development showed positive correlation. Moreover, the levels of Fe accumulated in the grain of the genotypes grown in MG were higher compared to those grown in RS. To verify the occurrence of homology, the amino acid sequences related to the rice transcripts were obtained from NCBI and KOME databases. The sequences of ESTs from other grass species were obtained from TIGR-Plant transcripts assemblies program and the maize endosperm database was obtained from NCBI. The genes were aligned using the program BLAST2 with TBLASTN tool with e-value of 1e-10 and minimal identity of 40%. It was found counterparts of the gene families studied in all species evaluated. The NAS gene family, related to phytosiderophores synthesis showed high conservation (about 70%) among Poaceae family members studied, except wheat and maize endosperm. The OsFER1 gene showed high conservation (80%) among all members of Poaceae. This suggests the importance of these gene families in the transport and accumulation of iron among the Poaceae species. It was found representatives from each one of the families IRT1, YSL and ZIP in maize endosperm which suggests that these genes may be functionally expressed during the formation of maize grain.