Modelo de aptidão e de localização-alocação de usinas bioenergéticas utilizando Sistemas de Informações Geográficas

• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Fabrício Rodrigues
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3163
• topic: Agroindústria canavieira; Sistemas de informação geográfica; Sugarcane agribusiness; Geographic information systems; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL

The aim of this study was to develop a capacity and location-allocation model based upon the Geographic Information System (GIS) seeking to optimize the spatial distribution of sugarcane bioenergetic plants in order to produce alcohol and to generate biomass power in the region of Triângulo Mineiro, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was used the softwares ArcGIS 10,2 and Microsoft Excel 2010. The databases consisted of 15 themes. The spatial analysis procedures have been divided into two steps: 1) exclusion zones that comprised fixed restriction sites and 2) zones of capability and of potential locations for bioenergetic plants. The suitable zones were obtained through multicriterial process of Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), which used the exclusion zones, the nine criteria (sugarcane growing areas, urban areas, hydrography, biome, declivity, land use, railroads, transmission line and highways), as well as their respective weights generated by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Subsequently, the generated raster was reclassified into five categories (very low, low, medium, high, and too high) using the Natural Breaks (Jenks) method and then a post-processing step was performed. Finally, areas over 50,000m2 of very high category were selected, which have been converted into points representing potential sites. The problem of optimal location was ascertained by means of the Location-Allocation Model using the Maximize Capacitated Coverage option of the Location-Allocation module that minimizes the amount of the distances among points of supply of sugarcane and bioenergetic plants. Several scenarios were developed for the establishment of power plants with decreasing capacity demands from 24 to 8.8 Mt/year regarding the growing number of power plants up to 30. In this model, the generated potential sites, the road mesh, the centroids of the sugarcane field intersection and the 1,000 x 1,000 m grid were used. The restricted sites concerning the installation of bioenergetic plants represent nearly 50 % of the region. It was founded that the central area and the Northeastern area of the Triângulo Mineiro are the worst areas to locate bioenergetic plants while the areas of periphery are the best one for this purpose. The use of geographic information systems is crucial to the strategic planning of bioenergetic plants establishment to support the decision-making process as well as the exhibition in thematic maps, which contribute to comprehend the search space and also encourage a broader interpretation of the manager. The multicriteria analysis was efficient for the development of a capacity index. The enhancement of the number of small capacity power plants leads to a better spatial distribution.