Procedimentos metodológicos in situ na avaliação do teor de compostos indigestíveis em alimentos e fezes de bovinos

• Autor(a) principal: Casali, André Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5740
• topic: Componentes indigestíveis; Incubação; Perda de partículas; Bovino; Nutrição animal; Fibras; Indigestible compounds; Incubation; Particle loss; Bovine; Animal nutrition; Fibers; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL

This dissertation was elaborated based on two experiments related to evaluation of indigestible compounds in cattle feeds and feces. In the first experiment, the aim was to evaluate the contents of in situ indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and the fibrous particles lost in aqueous environment in some ruminant feeds by using bags made with different textiles. The physical structure of the textiles was too evaluated. Samples of wheat bran (WB), soybean hulls (SH), corn silage (CS), and signal grass hay (SGH) were used. The bags for rumen incubation were made with nylon (50 &#956;m); F57 (Ankon®); e non-woven textile (NWT 100 g/m²). The feed samples were ground (1 mm) and put in the bags (4 x 5 cm) (6 bags/textile), according to relationship 20 mg of dry matter/cm2 of surface. The bags were incubated in the rumen of a cow fed with a mixed diet (30% of concentrate) during 144 hours. After that, the bags were cleaning with tap water and treated with neutral detergent. The residue was assumed as iNDF. The iNDF contents in WB, SH and CS were similar for F57 and NWT (P>.05), being the results lower when nylon was used (P<.05). For the SGH samples all textiles produced different results (P<.05) being the lower contents obtained with nylon. The fibrous particles lost in aqueous environment was evaluated by cleaning the bags in warm tap water (39ºC) (10 bags/textile). The particles lost was significant for nylon (P<.05). This lost could be considered the cause of lower iNDF contents obtained by using nylon textile, once the microscopic evaluation did not show that rupture of textile occurred during incubation or neutral detergent extraction. In the second experiment, it were evaluated the effects of in situ incubation time and structure of particles on the estimates of indigestible fractions of dry matter (iDM), neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), and acid detergent fiber (iADF). Samples of corn grain, wheat bran, corn silage, elephant grass, sugarcane, signal grass hay, corn straw, and feces obtained from cattle fed high and low concentrate diets were used. The samples were ground through 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm screen sieve and put in 4 x 5 cm non-woven textile bags (20 mg of dry matter/cm² of surface). The samples were divided in three groups, being each group incubated in the rumen of a crossbred heifer. The incubation procedure was conducted three times with the change of groups among animals. It were used the following incubation times: 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216, 240, and 312 hours. The contents of iDM, iNDF, and iADF were evaluated sequentially in each bag. The degradation profiles were interpreted by a non-linear logistic model. The size of particles did not influence the estimates of iDM, iNDF, and iADF (P>.10). On the other hand, the particles size has altered (P<.10) the rumen degradation dynamic rates of DM for corn silage and corn grain; of NDF for sugarcane, corn silage, and corn straw; and ADF for sugarcane. For those samples, the particle size has been positively associated with the incubation time necessary to estimate de indigestible fraction. Incubation times of 240 hours for DM and NDF, and 264 hours for ADF were suggested for obtaining accurate estimates of indigestible fractions. The use of 2 mm particle size can increase the precision of estimates.