Produtividade de óleo de palma na cultura do dendê na Amazônia Oriental: influência do clima e do material genético

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, José Stanley de Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4554
• topic: Óleo de palmeira; Dendê; Produtividade; Palm tree oil; Dendê; Productivity; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA

African palm tree oil, known in Brazil as dendê, has a great economic potential, yielding between 4 and 5 tons per hectare. The oil, which has exceptional qualities for human consumption, is physically processed by means of an oil press, with no need for chemical solvents. It is characterized as an agro-industrial activity with considerable investment in social infrastructure and intensive labor and no problems during the time between harvests, generating good quality employment due to the crop s high yield. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the factors climate, genetic material, and oil-palm tree age on fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield, extraction rate (ER) and oil productivity (OP). Data relative to six genetic materials from a commercial African oil-palm plantation owned by Agropalma Industry were shown in relation to oil extraction rate (ER), fresh fruit bunch (FFB) productivity and climate. The genetic materials evaluated were Avros, Lamé, Ghana, Ekona, Lamé-Embrapa and Kigoma and the total area evaluated was 32.000 ha. The data base was composed by assessments and laboratory analyses carried out by Agropalma during 1995-2005. These data are classified into field, industry and laboratory data, totaling 24.245 data. The effect of oil-palm tree age on FFB productivity (t/ha), ER and OP (t/ha) was evaluated in all the genetic materials. In the materials Avros, Lamé, Ghana and Ekona, mean bunch weight (MBW) and the percentages of fruits in the bunch (FBP), partenocarpic fruits (PFP), fruit mesocarp (FMP), fruit oil (FOP) and bunch oil (BOP) were evaluated. Mean, standard deviation and confidence interval were determined and regression equations were used to evaluate the age effect. Field and industry data were shown in tables that generated graphics of climate, production and linear correlation monthly out of step at an interval from zero to 12 months. The materials Lamé-Embrapa, Ekona, Ghana and Kigoma presented better initial performances of FFB and OP productivity than the traditional materials Avros and Lamé. For MFP, FOP, and ER, the genetic materials Ghana and Ekona presented the best percentages, confirming the best performance of fresh fruit bunch and oil productivity of the new improved materials. A decreasing ER behavior of the genetic material Avros was verified, with a drop of 30.5 % at 21 years of age compared to the initial age (3.5 years). No reports on this information are available in the national literature and only scarce reference is found in the international literature. Climate, mainly precipitation and insulation have direct effects on extraction rate. Genetic material was confirmed to influence fresh fruit bunch productivity, oil extraction rate and oil productivity.