Prevalência e fatores associados à anemia e deficiência de vitamina B12 em idosos de Viçosa-MG

• Autor(a) principal: Milagres, Clarice Santana
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2795
• topic: Idosos; Anemia em idosos; Vitamina B12; Senior citizens; Anemia in the elderly; vitamin B12; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

Anemia in the elderly proves to be the most common hematologic problem encountered while vitamin B12, is the essential micronutrient in the diet of this population, disability is related the onset of cognitive impairment. These conditions may favor a framework characteristic: increased mortality in this population. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency elderly in the city of Viçosa-MG. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study conducted from june to december 2009, with a random sample of 621 elderly, which 349 (56.12%) agreed to undergo the blood test, the sample representing constituent of this work. Information was obtained using a semistructured questionnaire with most closed and pre-coded questions. The dependent variables anemia were analyzed with measurement of plasma hemoglobin for women < Hb 12 g/dL for males and < 13g Hb/dL and plasma vitamin B12, considered as disability levels below 140pmol/L. The independent variables were: a) sociodemographic characteristics: sex, age, education and income, b) Indicators of health and use of health services: stories of diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, depression, kidney disease, depression, acute myocardial infarction and diseases cardiovascular, number of self-reported diseases, functional capacity, cognitive assessment The Mini Mental State Examination, self- perceived health, nutritional status, change food intake in the last three months, number of medications, number of medical appointments in the last 12 months preceding the interview, hold private health plan, and hospitalizations in the last year. EpiInfo software version 6.04 was used for data storage and analysis of these, we used the software Stata version 9.0. The normality of the distribution of the quantitative variables was assessed using the test Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Descriptive analysis of the variables was presented by measures central tendency and variability of suitable, as well as the frequency distribution. The association between categorical independent variables and the presence of anemia and deficiency vitamin B12 were estimated in bivariate analysis using the chi-square test (&#967;2) test. The level of significance for all comparisons was &#945; = 5%. For analysis of regression was used Poisson variance to obtain estimates of the reasons prevalence of anemia and vitamin B 12 deficiency and the corresponding 95% of confidence (CI95%). Bivariate analyzes between the dependent variables were performed and independent, obtaining as a measure of effect prevalence ratios (PR) by Poisson regression. Variables with ap value < 0.25 were included in multivariate analysis and retained in the final model with p < 0.05. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee Human Research of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (protocol number 027/2008). Among the 349 seniors enrolled in the study, there was equivalence in the proportion of men and women, and the latter represented 49.9%. The mean age was 69.55 years (sd=7.51 years) withpredominant age range 60-69 years (57.31%). We found a prevalence of anemia 11.7% (CI 95% 8.3% -15.1%) in the elderly group studied and mean hemoglobin levels of 13.74 g/dL. An association between anemia and male gender, advanced age and polypharmacy. With relation to serum levels of vitamin B12, found an average of 242.43 pg/mL (sd=109.13 pg/ml). The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 17.4% (CI 95% 13.4%-21.4%). The cognitive impairment was an important variable related to vitamin deficiency B12 elucidating the association between vitamin B12 levels and indicators of health conditions.