Indicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucalipto

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Eric Victor de Oliveira
Data de Publicação: 2013
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1647
Resumo: Although nitrogen (N) is a nutrient required in large amounts by plants, the effects of its application on dry matter production for eucalyptus are divergent, also with nutritional differences among species of this genus. Leaf analysis is an auxiliary method for assessing nutritional status of plants, mainly for N, because the diagnosis of its availability for plants, based solely on soil analysis, is difficult due to the complexity of its soil reactions. Total N leaf concentration has been widely used for verification of possible deficiencies of this nutrient in plants. However, some limitations of its use with regard to this proposal have been reported. Hence, the objectives of this work were to assess alternative indicators of N status in substitution to total N for eucalyptus clones grown under different N availability, such as: chlorophyll, N-NH4 + and N-NO3 - concentrations, leaf N/P, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, and chlorophyll readings by SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development). In addition, it was also evaluated the differential behavior of these clones regarding growth, mineral nutrition, and gas exchanges. In doing so, two experiments were carried out, one in the greenhouse and another in the field. The greenhouse experiment was a 2 x 6 factorial in a randomized complete block design consisting of two eucalyptus clones (VM-01 and I-144) and six doses of N (0, 0.74, 2.93, 4.39, 5.85 and 8.00 mmol L-1 of NH4NO3) in nutrient solution. The field experiment was a 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 factorial in a randomized complete design, with two seasons (dry and rainy), two regions (Pompeu and João Pinheiro-MG), two clones (VM-01 and I-144), and three positions of leaf sampling in the crown (base, middle, and apex). The concentrations of N-NH4 + (root) and N-NO3 - (root and leaf) well represented N status of clones in greenhouse; however, they did not show the same behavior in plants grown in the field. The N/P, chlorophyll, and SPAD readings had similar responses to N application (quadratic and square root models) in greenhouse, with the highest correlation coefficients (r) for the clone VM-01. Among different seasons, N/P and chlorophyll did not reflect the real soils N status in the field. SPAD readings were not considered good indicators of N status either, due to the clone that showed the highest readings (I-144) was the one with the lowest total N concentrations. Total N was also not the best indicator of N status, once it did not show the highest r in the greenhouse experiment. Nevertheless, of all indicators evaluated, it better represented the variations of soils N status in the different seasons under field conditions. Clone I-144 absorbed less N (and synthesized less protein), although it showed higher NR and GS activities with higher dry matter production, compared to VM-01, in greenhouse. The activity of these enzymes was negatively influenced by greater N supply, probably due to an inhibiting effect of NO3 - (substrate of NR) and NH4 + (substrate of GS) in high concentrations. Not only in greenhouse, but also in the field, the highest activities of NR and GS were associated with lower N availability in the cultivation medium of plants. The activity of these enzymes also showed negative correlation with leaf total N of the clones grown in greenhouse, mainly for NR. Clones showed differential behavior to N in solution, with VM-01 being superior in height and height/collar diameter and leaf concentrations of macro and of Cu, Fe, Mo and Zn. In the other hand, clone I-144 had greater production of root and total dry matter, root/shoot and collar diameter, as well as greater stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E). Therefore, clone I-144, regardless of the lower total N leaf concentration, reduced and assimilated more N, which was converted in better growth, making it the more efficient clone in the utilization of this nutrient.
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spelling Ferreira, Eric Victor de Oliveirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8711223656250765Silva, Ivo Ribeiro dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799432D0Barros, Nairam Félix dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783694P8Novais, Roberto Ferreira dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783732H4Araujo, Wagner Luizhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8790852022120851Vergütz, Leonardushttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1282294478259902Costa, Liovando Marciano dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787252H9Gonçalves, José Leonardo de Moraeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/54804314572775802015-03-26T12:52:52Z2013-11-212015-03-26T12:52:52Z2013-03-28FERREIRA, Eric Victor de Oliveira. Physiological indicators of nitrogen status in eucalyptus plants. 2013. 81 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1647Although nitrogen (N) is a nutrient required in large amounts by plants, the effects of its application on dry matter production for eucalyptus are divergent, also with nutritional differences among species of this genus. Leaf analysis is an auxiliary method for assessing nutritional status of plants, mainly for N, because the diagnosis of its availability for plants, based solely on soil analysis, is difficult due to the complexity of its soil reactions. Total N leaf concentration has been widely used for verification of possible deficiencies of this nutrient in plants. However, some limitations of its use with regard to this proposal have been reported. Hence, the objectives of this work were to assess alternative indicators of N status in substitution to total N for eucalyptus clones grown under different N availability, such as: chlorophyll, N-NH4 + and N-NO3 - concentrations, leaf N/P, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, and chlorophyll readings by SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development). In addition, it was also evaluated the differential behavior of these clones regarding growth, mineral nutrition, and gas exchanges. In doing so, two experiments were carried out, one in the greenhouse and another in the field. The greenhouse experiment was a 2 x 6 factorial in a randomized complete block design consisting of two eucalyptus clones (VM-01 and I-144) and six doses of N (0, 0.74, 2.93, 4.39, 5.85 and 8.00 mmol L-1 of NH4NO3) in nutrient solution. The field experiment was a 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 factorial in a randomized complete design, with two seasons (dry and rainy), two regions (Pompeu and João Pinheiro-MG), two clones (VM-01 and I-144), and three positions of leaf sampling in the crown (base, middle, and apex). The concentrations of N-NH4 + (root) and N-NO3 - (root and leaf) well represented N status of clones in greenhouse; however, they did not show the same behavior in plants grown in the field. The N/P, chlorophyll, and SPAD readings had similar responses to N application (quadratic and square root models) in greenhouse, with the highest correlation coefficients (r) for the clone VM-01. Among different seasons, N/P and chlorophyll did not reflect the real soils N status in the field. SPAD readings were not considered good indicators of N status either, due to the clone that showed the highest readings (I-144) was the one with the lowest total N concentrations. Total N was also not the best indicator of N status, once it did not show the highest r in the greenhouse experiment. Nevertheless, of all indicators evaluated, it better represented the variations of soils N status in the different seasons under field conditions. Clone I-144 absorbed less N (and synthesized less protein), although it showed higher NR and GS activities with higher dry matter production, compared to VM-01, in greenhouse. The activity of these enzymes was negatively influenced by greater N supply, probably due to an inhibiting effect of NO3 - (substrate of NR) and NH4 + (substrate of GS) in high concentrations. Not only in greenhouse, but also in the field, the highest activities of NR and GS were associated with lower N availability in the cultivation medium of plants. The activity of these enzymes also showed negative correlation with leaf total N of the clones grown in greenhouse, mainly for NR. Clones showed differential behavior to N in solution, with VM-01 being superior in height and height/collar diameter and leaf concentrations of macro and of Cu, Fe, Mo and Zn. In the other hand, clone I-144 had greater production of root and total dry matter, root/shoot and collar diameter, as well as greater stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E). Therefore, clone I-144, regardless of the lower total N leaf concentration, reduced and assimilated more N, which was converted in better growth, making it the more efficient clone in the utilization of this nutrient.Embora o nitrogênio (N) seja um nutriente requerido em grandes quantidades pelas plantas, os efeitos de sua aplicação na produção de matéria seca do eucalipto são divergentes, existindo também diferenças nutricionais entre espécies desse gênero. As análises foliares são um método auxiliar de avaliação do status nutricional das plantas, principalmente no caso do N em que o diagnóstico da sua disponibilidade para as plantas, baseado em análises do solo, é dificultado pela complexidade de suas reações no solo. O teor foliar de N total tem sido a ferramenta mais amplamente utilizada para verificação de possíveis deficiências deste nutriente nas plantas. Contudo, algumas limitações de seu uso com respeito a esta proposta têm sido relatadas. Dessa maneira, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar indicadores alternativos do status de N, como teores de N-NH4 +, N-NO3 -, N/P foliar, clorofila, atividade foliar das enzimas redutase do nitrato (RN) e glutamina sintetase (GS) e leituras de clorofila pelo SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), em substituição ao seu teor total, em clones de eucalipto cultivados em diferentes condições de disponibilidade de N. Adicionalmente, o comportamento diferencial desses clones com relação ao crescimento, nutrição mineral e trocas gasosas também foi avaliado. Para tanto, foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo um em casa de vegetação e outro em campo. No primeiro caso, foi utilizado um fatorial 2 x 6 em delineamento de blocos casualizados, sendo dois clones de eucalipto (VM-01 e I-144) e seis doses de N (0; 0,74; 2,93; 4,39, 5,85 e 8,00 mmol L-1 de NH4NO3) em solução nutritiva. O experimento de campo constituíu-se de um fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com duas épocas de amostragem (seca e chuvosa), duas regiões (Pompeu e João Pinheiro-MG), dois clones (VM-01 e I- 144) e três posições de coleta das folhas na copa das árvores (base, meio e ápice). Os teores de N-NH4 + (raiz) e N-NO3 - (raiz e folha) representaram bem o status de N dos clones em casa de vegetação, porém eles não apresentaram o mesmo comportamento em plantas cultivadas a campo. A N/P, clofofila e as leituras SPAD tiveram comportamento similar à aplicação de N (modelos quadrático e raiz quadrático) em casa de vegetão, com maiores coeficientes de correlação (r) para o clone VM-01. Nas diferentes épocas de avaliação no campo, tanto a N/P quanto a clorofila, não refletiram o real status de N dos solos. As leituras SPAD não foram consideradas boas indicadoras do status de N, pois o clone que tinha maiores valores (I-144) foi o que apresentou os menores teores foliares de N total. Este último não foi considerado um bom indicador do status de N, visto que o mesmo não apresentou os mais altos valores de r em casa de vegetação. Ainda assim, desses indicadores avaliados, ele refletiu melhor as variações no status de N dos solos nas diferentes épocas de avaliação sob condições de campo. O clone I-144 absorveu menos N (e sintetizou menos proteína), porém apresentou maior atividade da RN e da GS com maior produção de matéria seca, comparativamente ao VM-01, em casa de vegetação. A atividade dessas enzimas foi negativamente influenciada pelo maior suprimento de N, provavelmente por um efeito inibidor tanto do NO3 - (substrato da RN) como do NH4 + (substrato da GS) em altas concentrações. Tanto em casa de vegetação como em campo, as maiores atividades da RN e GS estiveram associadas à menor disponibilidade de N no meio de cultivo das plantas, como, a princípio, uma maior eficiência enzimática nesta condição. A atividade das referidas enzimas apresentou também correlação negativa com o teor foliar de N total dos clones cultivados em casa de vegetação, com destaque para RN. Os clones apresentaram comportamento diferencial à aplicação de N em solução nutritiva, com o VM-01 sendo superior em altura, altura/diâmetro do colo e teores de macronutrientes e de Cu, Fe, Mo e Zn. Porém, o clone I-144 teve maior produção de matéria seca da raiz e total, raiz/parte aérea e diâmetro do colo, além de maior condutância estomática (gs) e transpiração (E). Portanto, o clone I-144, independentemente do menor teor foliar de N total, reduziu e assimilou mais N, o que se converteu em melhor crescimento, assim apresentando maior eficiência de utilização deste nutriente.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em Solos e Nutrição de PlantasUFVBRFertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,Nutrição mineralDiagnoseEucalyptusMineral nutritionDiagnosisEucalyptusCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLOIndicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucaliptoPhysiological indicators of nitrogen status in eucalyptus plantsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf1275260https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1647/1/texto%20completo.pdff1d87a2b7514bdfc17f46a82d9bb4c7aMD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain180367https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1647/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt00301fab1852d11e2f7ad3e9ef104d23MD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3541https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/1647/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpgf5d5654f99c9935146b86abcf71b897aMD53123456789/16472016-04-07 23:11:06.559oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/1647Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-08T02:11:06LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Indicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucalipto
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Physiological indicators of nitrogen status in eucalyptus plants
title Indicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucalipto
spellingShingle Indicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucalipto
Ferreira, Eric Victor de Oliveira
Nutrição mineral
Diagnose
Eucalyptus
Mineral nutrition
Diagnosis
Eucalyptus
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
title_short Indicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucalipto
title_full Indicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucalipto
title_fullStr Indicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucalipto
title_full_unstemmed Indicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucalipto
title_sort Indicadores fisiológicos do status de nitrogênio em plantas de eucalipto
author Ferreira, Eric Victor de Oliveira
author_facet Ferreira, Eric Victor de Oliveira
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/8711223656250765
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Ferreira, Eric Victor de Oliveira
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Silva, Ivo Ribeiro da
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799432D0
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv Barros, Nairam Félix de
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783694P8
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Novais, Roberto Ferreira de
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783732H4
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Araujo, Wagner Luiz
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/8790852022120851
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Vergütz, Leonardus
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/1282294478259902
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv Costa, Liovando Marciano da
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787252H9
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv Gonçalves, José Leonardo de Moraes
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/5480431457277580
contributor_str_mv Silva, Ivo Ribeiro da
Barros, Nairam Félix de
Novais, Roberto Ferreira de
Araujo, Wagner Luiz
Vergütz, Leonardus
Costa, Liovando Marciano da
Gonçalves, José Leonardo de Moraes
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Nutrição mineral
Diagnose
Eucalyptus
topic Nutrição mineral
Diagnose
Eucalyptus
Mineral nutrition
Diagnosis
Eucalyptus
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Mineral nutrition
Diagnosis
Eucalyptus
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
description Although nitrogen (N) is a nutrient required in large amounts by plants, the effects of its application on dry matter production for eucalyptus are divergent, also with nutritional differences among species of this genus. Leaf analysis is an auxiliary method for assessing nutritional status of plants, mainly for N, because the diagnosis of its availability for plants, based solely on soil analysis, is difficult due to the complexity of its soil reactions. Total N leaf concentration has been widely used for verification of possible deficiencies of this nutrient in plants. However, some limitations of its use with regard to this proposal have been reported. Hence, the objectives of this work were to assess alternative indicators of N status in substitution to total N for eucalyptus clones grown under different N availability, such as: chlorophyll, N-NH4 + and N-NO3 - concentrations, leaf N/P, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, and chlorophyll readings by SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development). In addition, it was also evaluated the differential behavior of these clones regarding growth, mineral nutrition, and gas exchanges. In doing so, two experiments were carried out, one in the greenhouse and another in the field. The greenhouse experiment was a 2 x 6 factorial in a randomized complete block design consisting of two eucalyptus clones (VM-01 and I-144) and six doses of N (0, 0.74, 2.93, 4.39, 5.85 and 8.00 mmol L-1 of NH4NO3) in nutrient solution. The field experiment was a 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 factorial in a randomized complete design, with two seasons (dry and rainy), two regions (Pompeu and João Pinheiro-MG), two clones (VM-01 and I-144), and three positions of leaf sampling in the crown (base, middle, and apex). The concentrations of N-NH4 + (root) and N-NO3 - (root and leaf) well represented N status of clones in greenhouse; however, they did not show the same behavior in plants grown in the field. The N/P, chlorophyll, and SPAD readings had similar responses to N application (quadratic and square root models) in greenhouse, with the highest correlation coefficients (r) for the clone VM-01. Among different seasons, N/P and chlorophyll did not reflect the real soils N status in the field. SPAD readings were not considered good indicators of N status either, due to the clone that showed the highest readings (I-144) was the one with the lowest total N concentrations. Total N was also not the best indicator of N status, once it did not show the highest r in the greenhouse experiment. Nevertheless, of all indicators evaluated, it better represented the variations of soils N status in the different seasons under field conditions. Clone I-144 absorbed less N (and synthesized less protein), although it showed higher NR and GS activities with higher dry matter production, compared to VM-01, in greenhouse. The activity of these enzymes was negatively influenced by greater N supply, probably due to an inhibiting effect of NO3 - (substrate of NR) and NH4 + (substrate of GS) in high concentrations. Not only in greenhouse, but also in the field, the highest activities of NR and GS were associated with lower N availability in the cultivation medium of plants. The activity of these enzymes also showed negative correlation with leaf total N of the clones grown in greenhouse, mainly for NR. Clones showed differential behavior to N in solution, with VM-01 being superior in height and height/collar diameter and leaf concentrations of macro and of Cu, Fe, Mo and Zn. In the other hand, clone I-144 had greater production of root and total dry matter, root/shoot and collar diameter, as well as greater stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E). Therefore, clone I-144, regardless of the lower total N leaf concentration, reduced and assimilated more N, which was converted in better growth, making it the more efficient clone in the utilization of this nutrient.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2013-11-21
2015-03-26T12:52:52Z
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2013-03-28
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2015-03-26T12:52:52Z
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv FERREIRA, Eric Victor de Oliveira. Physiological indicators of nitrogen status in eucalyptus plants. 2013. 81 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1647
identifier_str_mv FERREIRA, Eric Victor de Oliveira. Physiological indicators of nitrogen status in eucalyptus plants. 2013. 81 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas; Gênese, Morfologia e Classificação, Mineralogia, Química,) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.
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