Diversos olhares sobre a paisagem da Mata Seca de Santana da Serra MG: relações solo-vegetação e etnoecologia

• Autor(a) principal: Teixeira, Reinaldo Duque Brasil Landulfo
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/366
• topic: Floresta estacional decídua; Gradientes ambientais; Etnobotânica; Seasonally Tropical Deciduous Forests; Environmental gradients; Ethnobotany; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA

This thesis is configured as a research about the interpretation of Santana da Serra (Capitão Enéas, North of Minas Gerais) karst landscape, which presented as objectives: 1) Understand the Seasonally Tropical Deciduous Forests (STDF) as stratified plant communities, assuming that its physiognomic, floristic and structural aspects vary along environmental gradients in the landscape in local and regional scale; 2) Identify the edaphic variables that influences local gradient and to test the hypothesis that vegetation composition and structure vary as a function of soil attributes; and 3) Understand how local community distinguishes natural and managed environments on the landscape and how people use plant resources in different ecological units. For this purpose, we used a wide variety of research methods in the fields of Pedology, Ecology and Ethnoecology. In Santana da Serra environmental gradient, were identified four distinct physiognomies: 1) Top limestone outcrops xerophytic vegetation, where 33 species were sampled (H =2,86), 2) STDF on a limestone escarpment Cambisol, where 32 species were listed (H =2,76), 3) STDF on colluvial slope Nitosol, where 34 species were recorded, (H =2,84), and 4) Lowland STDF on Latosol (Oxisol) with murundus , where 47 species were sampled (H =3,31). A total of 102 species and 33 families were listed of which Fabaceae was the most representative with 27 species. Species composition and vegetation structure varied among the physiognomies along a gradient influenced by edaphic variables. On the one hand, pH, P, Na, Ca, SB and CEC were related to young soils on the tops and slopes. On the other hand, Clay and H+Al were associated with more weathered soils such as the colluvial slope Nitossols and the lowland Latosols. The xerophytic vegetation on limestone rock represents relictual formations of past dry periods and the Latosols supporting highly structured and diverse deciduous forests refers to wet periods during the Quaternary climatic fluctuations. From an ethnoecological standpoint, farmers and cowboys/herdsmen presents a wide knowledge about local landscape, including natural cycles, vegetation and soil characteristics. We identified nine landscape units recognized as a source of plant resources by farmers and cowboys/herders: 1) Lajedos (limestone outcrop xerophytic vegetation; 2) Serras (escarpment forests); 3) Pés-de-serra (colluvial slope forests); 4) Baixadas (lowland forests); 5) Vazantes (riparian forests); 6) Catanduvas (lowland forests early sucessional stages); 7) Mangas (pastures); 8) Roças (tilth, arable lands) e 9) Quintais (homegardens). A total of 233 plants recognized as a resource were recorded for 11 use categories. The richness of food plant local knowledge and its preferential allocation in homegardens, reflect adaptive management strategies that may contribute for food sovereignty and biodiversity conservation. The distribution of knowledge among the ecological units, which have different potential of use, reveals strategies related to multiple use of local landscape. Therefore, it is possible to interpret and understand the local landscape, as well as its forms of ownership by the people, considering both the disciplinary diversity academic and the local knowledge.