Fungos e bactérias associados às podridões pós-colheita de rizomas de gengibre no Espírito Santo

• Autor(a) principal: Moreira, Silvino Intra
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4385
• topic: Pós-colheita; Gengibre; Fungos; Bactérias; Post-harvest; Ginger; Fungus; Bacteria; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

The rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) is one of the most important spices in the world due to its use as feedstock in the food industry, pharaceuticals and cosmetics. The brazilian export of ginger has increased in recent years despite the damage caused by decay of rhizomes. Still unknown are the main etiological agents associated with postharvest rot of ginger in Brasil, a prerequisite for the development of na integrated management program for diseases. This study aimed conduct a survey of fungi and bacteria associated with postharvest decay of ginger rhizomes. Rhizomes to rot symptoms were sampled in 2006 and 2009, in Santa Leopoldina, ES, and in Santa Maria de Jetiba, ES, in packing-house. Another sample was selected in 2008 in Santa Leopoldina, ES, in five farms during the harvest. The samples were sent to the UFV Department of Plant Pathology, for isolation, identification and pathogenicity tests of fungi and bacteria. In the packing-house, it was found the presence of Acremonium murorum, Acrostalagmus luteo-albus, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Sclerotium rolfsii, and all these were able to cause rot in the rhizomes. In the collection in the field, it was found the average incidence in ginger rhizomes 74 % of F. oxysporum, 31% of F. graminearum, 21% of Fusarium solani, 5% of Nigrospora oryzae, 6% of Fusarium semitectum and of Nigrospora sphaerica, 4% of Alternaria tenuissima, 3% of Penicillium commune, Verticillium sp. (1) and Verticillium sp. (2), 2% of A. luteo-albus, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium sp. and Epicoccum sp., and 1%of Curvularia geniculata and Mucor hiemalis, for the five properties. Fungi collected in the field capable of causing decay in rhizomes were Acrostalagmus luteo-albus, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum. The occurrence of F. graminearum was considered of great importance because this species known to produce mycotoxins. In this sample, we identified bacteria that cause soft rot in 5% of the rhizomes of ginger, four isolates identified as Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae and one isolate identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens. Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae indicated a probable contamination of fecal origin. Join as the x first occurrence in the world of Fusarium graminearum and Pseudomonas fluorescens causing rot in ginger rhizomes, and the first occurrence in Brasil of Acremonium murorum, Acrostalagmus luteo-albus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Sclerotiumrolfsii causing rhizome rot ginger.