Tratamento de efluentes da indústria de polpa kraft branqueada: lodos ativados versus reator de biofilme e leito móvel

• Autor(a) principal: Rezende, Natália Regina de
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3754
• topic: Lodos ativados; Reator de biofilme; Leito móvel; Polpa kraft branqueada; Activated sludge; Biofilm reactor; Moving bed; Bleached kraft pulp; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::TRATAMENTO DE AGUAS DE ABASTECIMENTO E RESIDUARIAS

Bleached kraft pulp production generates large volumes of wastewater. During the process, wood components such as lignin, extractives and fibers are removed and contribute to the organic load of these effluents. Pulp mill wastewater treatment is usually performed by biological processes but part of the organic load has low biodegradability (or high recalcitrance) and is not removed by the treatment. Moreover, some of these compounds be toxic and decrease survival and, or reproduction in aquatic organisms. Pulp mill effluents are commonly treated in activated sludge plants. This system consists of an aeration tank, where organic matter is removed by biomass (biological sludge), and a sedimentation tank (secondary sedimentation), where effluent clarification occurs through settling of the biological sludge, which is recycled to the aeration tank, which allows increasing the biomass concentration and contributes to greater treatment efficiency. The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) has emerged as a new activated sludge system configuration aimed at greater organic matter removal efficiency combined with greater stability, lower solids production and less need for nutrients. In this system, the aeration tank is filled with plastic biofilm carriers that are suspended and in continuous movement within the aeration tank, permitting growth of biomass in both dispersed and biofilm forms. This configuration allows greater biomass retention and may result in better recalcitrant organic matter or toxicity removal from industrial effluent. This study compared activated sludge and MBBR systems in parallel with the MBBR with hydraulic retention times of 12 and 24 hours, and the reactors in series (with MBBR after the activated sludge system), with regard to removal of organic matter, extractives, lignin, phenolic compounds and toxicity of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent, as well as EPS production by biological sludge. Both systems showed high organic matter removal efficiency with no statistically significant differences between reactor configurations. In relation to recalcitrant compounds, the MBBR was more efficient than the activated sludge system in extractives removal, but there was no difference in removal of lignin or phenolic compounds. Protein contents were higher in EPS produced by biological sludge in the reactors operated in series than in parallel. In general, the chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia was eliminated through biological treatment, independently of the system or hydraulic retention time. In general, theMBBR and activated sludge systems behaved similarly for most of the parameters analyzed and configurations evaluated.