Remoção do inseticida clorpirifós em sistemas alagados construídos cultivados com diferentes espécies vegetais

• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Tamara Daiane de
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3640
• topic: Inseticida clorpirifós; Bioremediação; Chlorpyrifos insecticide; Bioremediation; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

Over the last decades, it has been found high levels of water contamination with substances derived from agricultural areas. In this context, we highlight the organophosphate insecticides, which offer high risk to public drinking, watering livestock and preservation of aquatic flora and fauna. Chlorpyrifos, included in this class, is a widely used insecticide in the world and is among the most used in Brazil. Given the damage caused by these substances when they reach water bodies, plus the difficulty of remediation of these environments, it is essential to know techniques to minimize this process. The constructed wetlands (CWs) are shown as an alternative, and some experiments have demonstrated their ability to remove recalcitrant contaminants such as pesticides. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of remediation of water contaminated with the insecticide chlorpyrifos through horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with different macrophytes. It was measured the reduction of the chlorpyrifos concentration and the reduction of toxicity over hydraulic retention times of 24, 48, 96, 144 and 192 h. The experiment consisted in four pilot scale CWs: CWC without vegetation; CWT cultivated with Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.); CWM cultivated with Mentha aquatic and CWE cultivated with dotted knotweed (Polygonum punctatum). The initial concentration of chlorpyrifos applied in all CWs was 1 mg.L-1. Before beginning the treatments, it was applied diluted sewage for biofilm insertion on the systems. For execution of quality ecotoxicological acute tests, it was used the specie Daphnia similis. The analysis of variance showed there was no statistical difference, at the 5% level of probability, in the removal of chlorpyrifos between the studied CWs and over the hydraulic retention times. There was a great efficiency in removing pesticide, with overall average of 98.6%, whereas in the first hydraulic retention time, 24 h, there was removal of chlorpyrifos to below the limit of detection, implying at efficiency greater than 99% for the CWC, CWM, CWE and CWT. This result is mainly attributed to adsorption and microbial degradation. For standard acute toxicity tests with Daphnia similis, in accordance with results from removal efficiency of chlorpyrifos, for most samples there was a reduction in toxicity above 80%. Ecotoxicological tests with effluents of constructed wetland systems studied are a good choice as an indicator of the effectiveness of treatments and a promising alternative to complement the physical and chemical analyzes.