Tolerância de Brassica juncea ao arsênio e seu potencial para a fitoestabilização de solos contaminados

• Autor(a) principal: Araujo, Sabrina Helena da Cruz
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4327
• topic: Arsênio; Brassica juncea; Fitoestabilização; Arsenic; Brassica juncea; Phytostabilization; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA::FISIOLOGIA VEGETAL

Arsenic is the more dangerous element to human health. Phytoremediation is an important technology to reduce the antropogenic effect in the environmental contamination, but it is necessary a detailed knowledge of tolerance mechanism, which is the goal of this work. We choose Brassica juncea, tolerant plant to several heavy metals, such as cadmium, and a plant of rapid growth. The arsenate was added to nutritive solution at final concentrations of 10, 50, 200 and 500 μM, and data was collected after 6, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16 days of exposition. Higher the arsenic in the treatment, higher the level found in leaves, stalk and in roots reach the highest level (5457 mg Kg-1). This amount was 26 and 34 times higher than that found in stalk and leaves, respectively. No alteration in phosphorus level was found at any treatment . This absence of phosphate uptake inhibition seems to have a contribution to the tolerance found in this genotype. In contrast, arsenic concentrations equal or higher than 50 μM were associated with increase in sulphur content in roots in parallel with an increase in total phenol content in these organs, while it reduced sulfur levels in leaves. The two highest doses of arsenate led to the appearance of toxicity symptoms in leaves, characterized by marginal chlorosis and purple coloring in the abaxial faces of old leaves. Despite the highest levels of arsenic in roots, no change in root length and dry weight was detected. In shoot however, we observed reduction in leaf area, leng th and fresh weight in plants treated with 200 and 500 mM arsenate. Additionally, only the highest dose has produced a reduction in net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gS) by the 13th day. On the 14th day it was possible to observe the reduction of these parameters in plants treated with 200 mM arsenate. Longer periods in the presence of hight doses allowed us to observe that, besides the reduction in stomatal opening, arsenic could also produce biochemical limitation to photosynthesis, which was associated to reduction in electron transport rate (ETR) and in the quantic efficiency of photosystem II [Y(II)], concomitantly with increase in the level of energy loss as heat [Y(NPQ)]. The second higher dose (200 μM) has not altered the A and other fluorescence parameters, by the 13th day and only negligible effects in leaf area and dry mass in parallel to no effect in roots was observed. Altogether these data support that the genotype of Brassica juncea under study is tolerant to arsenic. Despite of accumulation of high levels of arsenic in roots, no oxidative damage was observed, and no effects in root growth was noted. The fact that high levels of arsenic has occurred in roots, with minor effects in growth indicate the great potential of this plant to be used in phytoremediation as a phytostabilizer.