Alterações nos teores e taxas de substituição do carbono de frações da matéria orgânica em solos cultivados com eucalipto

• Autor(a) principal: Schulthais, Fernanda
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5434
• topic: Matéria orgânica do solo; Cultivos florestais; Abundância natural de 13C; Soil organic matter; Forest crops; Natural abundance of 13C; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

The literature presents a great deal of controversy regarding increase and/or reduction of organic C supply in soil or of its fractions as a result of implantation of forest species. In this context, the physical methods for separation of soil organic matter (SOM), associated with the isotopic composition of C, allow the understanding of C alteration in soil and also in the different compartments of SOM, such as evaluation and quantification of possible entries of C through implanted culture and, in addition, the losses that the new cultivation brings about C derived from the former culture. This is facilitated when there is a vegetation substitution of C3 for C4, or the contrary, seeing that these plant metabolism presents differences of 13C, which in turn, affects the soil when this residue in left on the soil. Thus, the purpose of this work was to determine the C changes in fractions of organic matters in soils cultivated with eucalyptus. Samples of eucalyptus, pasture and native forest layers of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 e 80-100 cm, in four repetitions, were collected. The selected uses were: native forest (NF), fifth rotation eucalyptus (Euc. 5R) eucalyptus in the first rotation at the age of five, (Euc. 1R5A) and adjacent pasture (Past. 1R5A) and also first rotation eucalyptus at the age of two (Euc. 1R2A) and adjacent pasture (Past. 1R2A) The collected samples were submitted to physical fractionation divided into two distinct fractions: particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAM). These fractions had their C and natural abundance of 13C analyzed by using a mass spectrometer (Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio MS). The data were analyzed considering a sampling design, and from these four repetitions, the average and respective standard errors were obtained for each of the soil layers and their different use. The contents were, in a general way, higher in NF, although, in some comparisons, these values were close to the ones under eucalyptus and pasture. The C contents of Euc. 5R and Euc. 1R5A were not as high as the ones under NF, while in the soil under Euc. 1R2A, these contents were similar or higher for the first collected layers. Among the uses of collected soil, NF and Euc. 5R presented the highest values of C for POM. The soils with Euc. 1R5A, Euc. 1R2A and Past. 1R5A presented the highest decrease, of C content in this fraction when compared to NF. The alteration of soil use resulted in expressive increase in C content of MAM in relation to NF, especially in areas under Euc. 1R5A, Euc. 1R2A, Past. 1R5A e Past. 1R2A. The natural abundance of 13C allowed the cycling rate measurement of POM and MAM fraction cyclings which were nearly, 8,33 e 0,5 % per year, respectively, indicating a greater sensibility of POM to the alterations in the soil use.