Piramidação de genes de resistência à antracnose, ferrugem e mancha angular e estudos de alelismos em feijão comum

• Autor(a) principal: Arruda, Klever Márcio Antunes
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1129
• topic: Phaseolus vulgaris; Colletotrichum lindemuthianum; Uromyces appendiculatus; Pseudocercospora; Phaseolus vulgaris; Colletotrichum lindemuthianum; Uromyces appendiculatus; Pseudocercospora; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA::MELHORAMENTO VEGETAL

In order to get lines of common bean related to the commercial "carioca-type" with resistance to main fungal diseases of the aerial parts of the bean, F2:3 families previously selected for the presence of molecular markers linked to anthracnose (Co-10, Co-6, Co-5 and Co-4²), rust (Ur-ON) and angular leaf spot (Phg-1) resistance genes were advanced to complete fixation of resistance alleles. In each generation, SCAR molecular markers associated with resistant genes were used to identify plants containing all the genes of interest. In F6 generation, twelve homozygous lines were identified (lines Rudá-R1) and utilized in crossings with the cultivars/lines elite Pérola, BRSMG Talismã, VC 9, VC 3 and with a isoline of the cultivar Rudá, already pyramided with the genes Ur-11, Ur-5 and Ur-ON/Co-10 (line Rudá-R2). Aiming at the selection of resistant families, F2 populations from the cross between lines Rudá-R1 with cultivars/lines elite Pérola, BRSMG Talismã, VC 9 and VC 3 were inoculated with a pathotype of anthracnose, rust and angular leaf spot causal agents. While the F2 population from the cross Rudá-R1 x Rudá-R2 was genotyped with SCAR molecular markers closed related to genes Co-6, Co-5, Co-4², and Ur-5. The F2 plants selected, for showing resistance to three pathogens had their seeds multiplied, and the plants selected by molecular markers for the presence of molecular markers linked to genes Co-6, Co-5, Co-42 and Ur-5 (crossing Rudá-R1 x Rudá-R2). Additionally, the twelve homozygous lines (Rudá-R1) were evaluated in two field analysis, realized in "winter" season of 2007 and of the "drought" of 2008, while the F2:4 families descendant from five cross above were evaluated in the field only in the "drought" season of 2008. The experimental delineation utilized in two experiments was the triple lattice square. A characterization of the resistance of the homozygous lines (Rudá-R1) to different pathotypes of the anthracnose, rust and angular leaf spots was also realized in greenhouse. The conjoint analysis of the two harvests showed that the production of the homozygous lines grains (Rudá-R1) is equivalent to production of the modern cultivars. However, the grain aspects of the lines are significantly lower than commercial controls. In relation to anthracnose and angular spot, the twelve lines showed resistance spectrum identical to the donor parents G 2333 (Co-4² and Co-5) and AND 277 (Phg-1). In the case of the rust, a higher variability in the resistance spectrum of the lines was observed, although, in general way, they showed comparable resistance to the donor parent Ouro Negro (Ur-ON). From five crossings realized with lines Rudá-R1, only the crossing Rudá-R1 x Rudá-2 did not generate families with spectrum of similar grain to the modern cultivars. However, the potential of extraction of superior families to the character yield of grain was the same for the populations evaluated. Other purpose of this work, was characterize the genes that determine the resistance to anthracnose in the cultivars Widusa and AND 277. For this, two cultivars were crossed with resistance sources to anthracnose already characterized. The segregating populations of these crossings were evaluated in relation to resistance to different pathotypes of the anthracnose causal agent. As result it was verified that the resistance genes to anthracnose presents in the cultivars Widusa and AND 277 segregate in a independent way of the resistance loci Co-4/Co-4², Co-5, Co-6 and Co-11, but those do not segregate in relation to loci Co-1 and Co-3/Co-9. As conclusion of these works, it can say that the molecular markers used in the acquisition lines Rudá-R1 were efficient for pyramiding genes Co-4², Co-5, Co-6, Co-10, Phg-1 and Ur-ON; that these lines constitute an adapted source of important resistance genes to diseases for use in common bean breeding programs in Brazil; finally, that both the cultivar Widusa and AND 277 presents resistance alleles to anthracnose in the loci Co-1 and Co-3/Co-9.