Especialização, diversificação e inovação nas indústrias das microrregiões brasileiras

• Autor(a) principal: Mendes, Chrystian Soares
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3236
• topic: Especialização; Diversificação; Indústrias; Microrregiões brasileiras; Specialization; Diversity; Industries; Brazilian micro- regions; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::CRESCIMENTO, FLUTUACOES E PLANEJAMENTO ECONOMICO::CRESCIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONOMICO

The industrial concentrations had come back to be an important subject of study study in the area of economic development from the new Theories of Growth and Development in the 1980s that observed a tendency for divergence of growth between countries (and regions) in the world and not to convergence. This is because, with the assumption of increasing returns, some productive concentrations became richer than others, where the externalities are not so significant. The aim of this study was analyze the economic performance of industrial agglomerations of the micro-regions of the Brazil in the period 1995 to 2006. More specifically intended to verify what type of industrial agglomeration was responsible for the generation of greater employment and income and the induction of more innovation, if the specialized or diversified agglomerations. In order to study the externalities generated in industrial agglomerations were analyzed 544 Brazilian microregions, based on the model of Glaeser et al. (1992). This model looks at three different theories: the first one defends that industrial specialization generates more externalities than industrial diversification; the second one defends that the diversification leads to the generation of more jobs and income than other types of productive concentration; and, the third theory says that the competition is better than the monopoly for the development of the regions. The methodologies applied in this study were the Ordinary Least Squares (MQO) and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results showed that most of the specialized agglomerations was situated in more developed regions - Southeast and South. In contrast, the diversified agglomerations were intensively situated in underdeveloped regions of Brazil - North and Northeast. The econometric models indicated that the diversified micro-regions had a positive impact on employment and the specialized micro- regions had negative effects. These results corroborate the theory that diversification is more favorable to the generation of income and employment in general, however, analyzing the brazilian regions separately, it is observed another dynamic. On the other hand, in contradictory direction, it was observed that the specialized micro- regions are more effective in generating innovation. This may mean that these regions may be developing technologies the economize labor, which would explain the negative effect of specialization on income and employment.