Ocorrência de Mycobacterium bovis em queijos coalho artesanais e fatores associados ao consumo de leite e derivados lácteos informais

• Autor(a) principal: Rocha, Bernardo Barbosa
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5161
• topic: Tuberculose; Queijos; Bovino; Tuberculosis; Cheese; Cattle; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA

The zoonotic tuberculosis whose etiologic agent is the Mycobacteirum bovis belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. canettii and M. caprae) causes diseases in humans, cattle and other animals in several countries of the world. In humans, M. bovis can determine the same clinical onsets forms that M. tuberculosis. Before the programs for the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis and the event of the milk pasteurization, the main forms of zoonotic tuberculosis were the extrapulmonary with emphasis for renal tuberculosis in adults, lymph node tuberculosis in children due to the mechanism of M. bovis penetration throughout gastrointestinal tract, where its main sources were unboiled or unpasteurized milk and derivates. Once that M. bovis is related with tuberculosis cases in humans, there is a concern with assure the quality and safety of milk and dairy products, aiming to prevent or minimize risks to human health. Considering that Brazil is a great producer of milk, the bovine tuberculosis is endemic in Brazilian herds, the importance of assure the quality and safety of milk and derivates, this study aimed to i) carry out a systematic review about the situation of zoonotic tuberculosis in the world, ii) estimate the prevalence of milk and cheese informal consumption and associated factors to these comsumtion kinds in a population of high social vulnerability in Juiz de Fora, Brazil, as well as iii) to evaluate the occurrence of M. bovis in raw cheeses produced in the region of Parnaiba, Piaui, Brazil. In the systematic review was found that it is still recommended educational efforts directed at high-risk populations to infections caused by M. bovis as workers who deal with livestock and agro-food industry, particularly in areas and countries with an extensive agribusiness in which bovine population is still contaminated by M. bovis. In addition, the dissemination of the agent from animals to humans in developing countries remains as a real danger, mainly through the consumption of raw milk and derivates. Prevalences of raw milk and derivates consumption were of 11.4% and 43.9%, respectively. The variables, age, history of residence in a rural environment, type of dwelling, occupation, place of residence and history of excessive alcohol consumption x in the last year, were associated (p ≤ 0.05) with the consumption of raw milk and the variables place of residence, occupation and history of excessive alcohol consumption were associated (p ≤ 0.05) with the consumption of cheese made with raw milk. In the study to assess the occurrence of M. bovis in raw cheese was found a rate of 10% of positive samples evidenced by qRT-PCR, alerting for the possibility of M. bovis transmission throughout milk and cheeses consumed raw. The present study showed that the zoonotic role of M. bovis remains possible in Brazil. There were significant rates of raw milk and darivates consumption and M. bovis evidences in raw cheeses were verified. These findings should alert the health and agriculture authorities for the need of preventive mesures.