Amadurecimento e conservação pós-colheita de peras Europeias produzidas no Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Zucoloto, Moises
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1198
• topic: 1-MCP; Metil jasmonato; Etanol; Atmosfera modificada; 1-MCP; Methyl jasmonate; Ethanol; Modified atmosphere; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::CIENCIA DE ALIMENTOS::FISIOLOGIA POS-COLHEITA

The objective of this study was to define the time required for cold conditioning and to induce uniform ripening, to search for alternatives to control physiological disorders and use of modified atmosphere to extend the storage period of European pears produced in Brazil. Thus, it was conducted seven experiments, presented in three chapters. In Chapter 1, the objective was to define the time required for conditioning by cold for ripening uniformity of pears. Three harvests of 'Abate Fetel',' Rocha' and 'Packham's Triumph' were performed at weekly intervals where each crop was a factorial design (7x3), with seven maintenance periods at low temperature (0, 20, 40, 60 , 80, 100 and 120 days) and three maintenance days in simulated environment at 20 ± 1 °C (zero, three and six days). It was observed that, under Brazilian conditions, cultivars need different cold conditioning periods to induce maturation, varying according to the harvest date. In chapter 2, the objective was to verify alternatives for reducing physiological disorders. The first experiment was carried out to assess different harvest dates in relation to storage potential and reduction in the incidence of physiological disorders and the second experiment, whose objective was to evaluate alternatives for the control of physiological disorders by using ethanol, methyl jasmonate and 1-MCP in 'William's' pears. In the first experiment, three harvests were held at weekly intervals. The pears were evaluated immediately after harvest, on days 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 of maintenance under low temperatures and three days of maintenance in simulated environment at 20 ± 1 °C (zero, three and six days). In the second experiment, harvested was performed when the fruit pulp firmness reached 90N and it was submitted to the following treatments: (T1) control: maintaining fruit at 0 ± 1°C; (T2) Methyl jasmonate: the fruit was exposed to methyl jasmonate for 24 hours at 20 ± 1°C at a concentration of 10-5 mol/L; (T3) Ethanol steam: fruits were exposed to ethanol for 24 hours at 20 ± 1°C at a rate of six mL/kg of fruit and (T4) 1-MCP: fruits were treated by exposure to 1-MCP for 24 hours and stored at 0 ± 1°C at a concentration of 300 ppb. The fruits of the first harvest date displayed a lower incidence of physiological disorders and endured longer cold storage. The ethanol treatment was able to maintain the pulp firmness of the fruit for up to 90 days and reduced the incidence of physiological disorders, but it gave a bad flavor to the fruit. The use of MCP-1 has allowed the storage of the fruit up to 120 days with no incidence of physiological disorders. Finally, in Chapter 3, the objective was to verify the use of modified atmosphere to extend the shelf life of 'Rocha' and 'Packham's Triumph' pears, harvested with pulp firmness of 67.61 and 74.69 N, respectively. The fruits were divided into two lots and submitted to the following treatments: Control - fruits were placed in plastic boxes and stored in a cold room at 0 ± 1°C and relative humidity around 90 ± 5% for 180 days; modified atmosphere: the fruits were kept in plastic boxes and coated with polyethylene film of linear low density (100 μm) with additive BIF 1500 6% (Bag It Fresh B.I.F. 1500, Magna Chemical Canada Inc.), for up to 180 days. Each treatment is an experiment in factorial design (7x2), with seven periods of cold storage (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days) and two periods of simulated environment (0, 5 days). The use of modified atmosphere allowed for storing 'Rocha' and 'Packham's Triumph' pears for up to 180 days without compromising quality.