Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária, teor de óleo e proteína de sementes de cultivares de soja, em três épocas de colheita

• Autor(a) principal: Diniz, Fábio Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4519
• topic: Glycine max (L.) Merrill; Retardamento de colheita; Glycine max (L.) Merrill; Delaying harvest; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA::PRODUCAO E BENEFICIAMENTO DE SEMENTES

The use of seeds with good physiologic and sanitary qualities are essential for the establishment of an adequate stand and consequently, for the expressive productivity of a soy crop. The physiologic and sanitary qualities are influenced by the genetic components and by climatic conditions during the maturing period of the seeds. The oil and protein content in the soy seeds can also be affected by the same factors. The aim was to evaluate the physiologic and sanitary qualities, oil and protein content of seeds from a soy cultivar, in three harvests. For this, they were multiplied in the Experimental Field Professor Diogo Alves de Mello, of the Department of Plant Pathology of the Universidade de Viçosa, seeds from eight soy cultivars from different maturing cycles: semi-early (Confiança), medium (UFV-16, Splendor and Vencedora), semi-late (UFVTN 105 and Garantia) and late (UFV-18 and Celeste). The harvest was carried out at three times: stage R8 and on days 15 and 30 after this stage. The experimental random block delineation was used, with four repetitions, in a subdivided plot scheme. The plots were constituted by the cultivars and the subplots by the three harvest times. In the laboratory, the seeds of each treatment and field repetition were subjected to the moisture, germination, electric conductivity, quick aging, and health tests and to the oil and protein analyses; in the greenhouse, the plantule emergence and rate of speed in a sand bed test; and in field, the plantule emergence test. In the seeds gathered on days 15 and 30 after the R8 stage, an increase in the percentage of seeds infected by funguses took place, with Fusarium spp., Phomopsis spp. and Epicoccum spp being the most frequent. The germination and vigor were reduced in the seeds gathered 30 days after stage R8, in all the evaluations, with the exception of the quick aging test, which revealed a fall in the vigor in the seeds harvested with a 15 day delay. As for the cultivars, the UFV-16, Confiança and Garantia seeds were what presented, in most of the tests, a physiologic inferior quality and the seeds from the Celeste cultivar had a physiologic quality superior to the rest. There were significant linear correlations (p <0.01) for all the pairs of tests used, showing similarity between the data of the evaluation tests of the physiologic quality of seeds with plantule emergence in the field. In terms of the oil and protein content, there was also a variation between the cultivars, having seeds with greater oil content stand out from the Garantia, Confiança, Celeste, UFV-16 and UFV-18 (above 24 %) cultivars and the protein, UFV-TN 105 (42.78 %). The harvest delay did not provoke a reduction in the oil and protein content in the seeds from the eight soy cultivars.