Impactos da redução da carga tributária na economia brasileira: uma análise da competitividade setorial nos cenários ALCA e MERCOEURO

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Matheus Wemerson Gomes
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11
• topic: Carga tributária; Competitividade; GTAPinGAMS; Tax burden; Competitiveness; GTAPinGAMS; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA INTERNACIONAL::RELACOES DO COMERCIO; POLITICA COMERCIAL; INTEGRACAO ECONOMICA

The structure of the Brazilian tax system has been recurrently considered to be unfavorable for the development of the country, by generating large distortion in price formation. Brazil has an obsolete tax structure, extremely complex, that burdens the producing sector, by lowering competition and encourages tax evasion. Moreover, the collection of taxes in Brazil is predominately presented in a way of indirect taxes. The taxation on consumption, although considered economically efficient, does not regard equality, leading to high inequality of personal and regional income. Because of the characteristics and the cost of enforcement of the indirect taxes regulation, it leads to elevated index of fiscal tax evasion. The indirect taxation in the country is regressive, while the direct taxation presents low progressiveness. Therefore, the reduction of indirect taxation diminishes the distortions caused by the tariff and produces a more efficient scale of production, increasing the quantity produced as well as the revenue of the factors of production. This implies an increase in the quantity taxed, besides the promotion of a change in status of the tax payer toward contribution to the tax system. The result of this process is of fundamental importance since it could generate government gains from tax collection. In this context, the Brazilian economic sectors become more competitive in the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) scenario or in the trade agreement between MERCOSUR and the European Union (MERCOEURO) with the reduction of the tax burden. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of the creation of FTAA and MERCOEURO stemming from a tax exemption in the Brazilian economy. Eight different scenarios were analyzed taking into account the elimination of tariffs on imports among the member countries in the FTAA and MERCOEURO agreement. Other scenarios consider a 10% reduction in the indirect taxes on the final Brazilian consumption, a 10% reduction over the indirect taxes on the intermediary Brazilian goods, and a 10% reduction on the indirect taxes over the Brazilian production. The GTAPinGAMs is used as an analytical tool, applied to the GTAP data base version 6.0. The results show that for all scenarios of FTAA, the reduction of indirect taxes increases competitions, promotes growth and the welfare in Brazil, without having a loss in tax collection by the government, with the growth of the economy ranging from 0.17% and 0.31% and gains of welfare, measured by the equivalent variation, from US$1.10 billions and US$2.03 billions. The creation of the MERCOEURO generated significant results mainly in the agribusiness sector. A reduction in the indirect taxes on final consumption and over the intermediate goods improved the competition and gains in the growth indicators, welfare, and government revenue. However, the scenario that reduces the indirect taxes on the Brazilian production cannot increase competition, even though there are positive changes in the indicators of growth and welfare. The scenarios of MERCOEURO generate growth variations between 0.05% and 0.19%, with gains in welfare ranging from US$ 2.26 billions and US$ 3.20 billions.