Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2010 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV |
Texto Completo: | http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/128 |
Resumo: | Investments in infrastructure in Brazil showed significant reduction since the 1980s. Evident deficiencies in physical and social infrastructure, among other deadlocks, contribute to the recent modest economic growth rates. Furthermore, Brazil is one of the most unequal country in the world, with still unacceptable poverty rate. In this context, it is questioned: Is the effect of public expenditures, mainly in infrastructure and in human capital, only pro-growth or does it also allow the income increase of poor people in Brazil? This study proposes identifying in which way these types of public expenditures could be allocated efficiently, in order to meet, simultaneously, economic growth targets and poverty reduction. The hypothesis is that public expenditures in physical infrastructure and in human capital rise total factors productivity, as well as employment and wages, therefore promoting the increase in per capita income and the reduction in poverty. Under the premise that socioeconomic factors linked to growth and poverty are interrelated and are generated in the same economic process, a system of simultaneous equations is developed to estimate the direct and indirect effects of public expenditures in physical and social capital on growth and poverty in Brazil, in the period between 1980-2007. It is used the Generalized Moments Method (GMM) to estimate the system of simultaneous equations. First, it s proved the efficiency of investment in education and health, as well as in roads and energy, regarding the improvement of the stock of human and physical capital in Brazil. The results suggest that greater education level, better health conditions, additions in gross fixed capital formation, besides improvements in road and energy infrastructure, contribute significantly to increase income of the Brazilian people and the total factors productivity. On the relationship between per capita income and absolute poverty, the study suggests that, in spite of the modest economic growth and the poverty still being serious social problem, there has been economic growth followed by the fall in poverty rate in the last decades. Per capita GDP and the level of FTP present inverse relation with the national poverty level. On the other hand, direct relation exists between income concentration and population growth and the number of people living below poverty line. On labor market, only public investment in health and energy showed positive direct effects on employment, contrary to investments in education and roads, which contradict the hypothesis advanced by this study that all public investment in human capital and in infrastructure contribute for the increase in employment in the country. This research concludes saying that public expenditures in human capital (education and health) and in physical infrastructure (transport and energy) constitute efficacious measure for the implementation of a growth policy with poverty reduction. Furthermore, the public resources directed to the provision and quality of physical and social infrastructure are complementary practices, and in this way, there are no tradeoffs between these types of public policies. |
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Cruz, Aline Cristina dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4777318P4Braga, Marcelo Joséhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798666D3Lima, João Eustáquio dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783228J6Teixeira, Erly Cardosohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787961Y8Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilelahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765660Y0Corrêa, Wilson Luiz Rotatorihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2866199762489481Carvalho, Luciano Dias dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/00613685227029582015-03-19T19:35:06Z2011-06-062015-03-19T19:35:06Z2010-07-22CRUZ, Aline Cristina da. The effects of government expenditures in infrastructure and in human capital on per capita income and on poverty in Brazil. 2010. 134 f. Tese (Doutorado em Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/128Investments in infrastructure in Brazil showed significant reduction since the 1980s. Evident deficiencies in physical and social infrastructure, among other deadlocks, contribute to the recent modest economic growth rates. Furthermore, Brazil is one of the most unequal country in the world, with still unacceptable poverty rate. In this context, it is questioned: Is the effect of public expenditures, mainly in infrastructure and in human capital, only pro-growth or does it also allow the income increase of poor people in Brazil? This study proposes identifying in which way these types of public expenditures could be allocated efficiently, in order to meet, simultaneously, economic growth targets and poverty reduction. The hypothesis is that public expenditures in physical infrastructure and in human capital rise total factors productivity, as well as employment and wages, therefore promoting the increase in per capita income and the reduction in poverty. Under the premise that socioeconomic factors linked to growth and poverty are interrelated and are generated in the same economic process, a system of simultaneous equations is developed to estimate the direct and indirect effects of public expenditures in physical and social capital on growth and poverty in Brazil, in the period between 1980-2007. It is used the Generalized Moments Method (GMM) to estimate the system of simultaneous equations. First, it s proved the efficiency of investment in education and health, as well as in roads and energy, regarding the improvement of the stock of human and physical capital in Brazil. The results suggest that greater education level, better health conditions, additions in gross fixed capital formation, besides improvements in road and energy infrastructure, contribute significantly to increase income of the Brazilian people and the total factors productivity. On the relationship between per capita income and absolute poverty, the study suggests that, in spite of the modest economic growth and the poverty still being serious social problem, there has been economic growth followed by the fall in poverty rate in the last decades. Per capita GDP and the level of FTP present inverse relation with the national poverty level. On the other hand, direct relation exists between income concentration and population growth and the number of people living below poverty line. On labor market, only public investment in health and energy showed positive direct effects on employment, contrary to investments in education and roads, which contradict the hypothesis advanced by this study that all public investment in human capital and in infrastructure contribute for the increase in employment in the country. This research concludes saying that public expenditures in human capital (education and health) and in physical infrastructure (transport and energy) constitute efficacious measure for the implementation of a growth policy with poverty reduction. Furthermore, the public resources directed to the provision and quality of physical and social infrastructure are complementary practices, and in this way, there are no tradeoffs between these types of public policies.Os gastos em infraestrutura no Brasil apresentaram forte redução desde os anos de 1980, e as evidentes deficiências na infraestrutura física e social, entre outros entraves, contribuíram para as modestas taxas de crescimento econômico recentes do País. Além disso, o Brasil é um dos países mais desiguais do mundo com pobreza ainda inaceitável. Nesse contexto, questiona-se se Os efeitos dos gastos públicos, principalmente em infraestrutura e em capital humano, são apenas pró-crescimento ou também permitem o aumento da renda dos pobres no Brasil? Este estudo propôs identificar de que forma estes tipos de gastos públicos podem ser alocados, eficientemente, para atingir, simultaneamente, as metas de crescimento econômico e queda de pobreza. A hipótese é de que os gastos públicos em infraestrutura física e em capital humano elevam a produtividade total dos fatores, bem como o emprego e os salários, promovendo, portanto, o aumento da renda per capita e a redução da pobreza. Sob a premissa de que os fatores socioeconômicos ligados ao crescimento e à pobreza estão interrelacionados e são gerados num mesmo processo econômico, desenvolveu-se um sistema de equações simultâneas para estimar os efeitos diretos e indiretos de dispêndios públicos em capital físico e social sobre o crescimento e a pobreza do Brasil no período 1980-2007. Para tal, utilizou-se o Método dos Momentos Generalizados (GMM). Em primeiro lugar, comprovou-se a eficiência das despesas em educação e saúde, bem como em estradas e energia, quanto aos avanços nos estoques de capital humano e físico no País. Os resultados mostram que maior nível de escolaridade, melhores condições de saúde, acréscimos na formação bruta de capital fixo, além de melhorias na infraestrutura rodoviária e energética, contribuem, significativamente, para elevar a renda per capita da população brasileira e a produtividade total dos fatores. Sobre a ligação entre rendimento per capita e pobreza absoluta, o estudo evidencia que, apesar do crescimento econômico modesto e de a pobreza ainda ser um grave problema social, houve crescimento econômico acompanhado de queda na pobreza nas últimas décadas. No entanto, se por um lado, o PIB per capita e a PTF possuem relação inversa com o patamar de pobreza nacional, por outro lado, existe relação direta entre a concentração de renda e crescimento populacional e o número de pessoas que vivem abaixo da linha de pobreza. Sobre o mercado de trabalho, apenas os gastos públicos em saúde e em energia revelaram efeitos positivos diretos sobre o emprego, ao contrário dos gastos em educação e em rodovias, os quais contrariam, portanto, a hipótese do estudo de que todo tipo de gasto público em capital humano e em infraestrutura contribui para aumentar o emprego no País. O estudo permite, portanto, afirmar que, ainda que, indiretamente, os gastos públicos em capital humano (educação e saúde) e em infraestrutura física (transporte e energia) constituem medidas eficazes para a implantação de um modelo de crescimento com redução da pobreza. Ademais, conclui-se que os recursos públicos direcionados para provimento de infraestrutura física e social são práticas complementares, e, deste modo, não há trade offs entre estes tipos de políticas públicas.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em Economia AplicadaUFVBREconomia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos RecursosGastos públicosCrescimento econômicoPobrezaBrasilPublic expendituresGrowth ratesPovertyBrazilCNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::METODOS QUANTITATIVOS EM ECONOMIA::METODOS E MODELOS MATEMATICOS, ECONOMETRICOS E ESTATISTICOSOs efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no BrasilThe effects of government expenditures in infrastructure and in human capital on per capita income and on poverty in Brazilinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf587862https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/128/1/texto%20completo.pdf132e057568c4d3451541ac242afb5288MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain313829https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/128/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txtc5bfc4446b2498f562c1079375ecbca4MD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3678https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/128/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg421fd39186826cb81ea2ee8efcb49430MD53123456789/1282016-04-06 08:01:36.581oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/128Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-06T11:01:36LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
The effects of government expenditures in infrastructure and in human capital on per capita income and on poverty in Brazil |
title |
Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil |
spellingShingle |
Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil Cruz, Aline Cristina da Gastos públicos Crescimento econômico Pobreza Brasil Public expenditures Growth rates Poverty Brazil CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::METODOS QUANTITATIVOS EM ECONOMIA::METODOS E MODELOS MATEMATICOS, ECONOMETRICOS E ESTATISTICOS |
title_short |
Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil |
title_full |
Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil |
title_fullStr |
Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil |
title_sort |
Os efeitos dos gastos públicos em infraestrutura e em capital humano na renda per capita e na pobreza no Brasil |
author |
Cruz, Aline Cristina da |
author_facet |
Cruz, Aline Cristina da |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4777318P4 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cruz, Aline Cristina da |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Braga, Marcelo José |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798666D3 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv |
Lima, João Eustáquio de |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783228J6 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Teixeira, Erly Cardoso |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787961Y8 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765660Y0 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Corrêa, Wilson Luiz Rotatori |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2866199762489481 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Carvalho, Luciano Dias de |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0061368522702958 |
contributor_str_mv |
Braga, Marcelo José Lima, João Eustáquio de Teixeira, Erly Cardoso Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela Corrêa, Wilson Luiz Rotatori Carvalho, Luciano Dias de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Gastos públicos Crescimento econômico Pobreza Brasil |
topic |
Gastos públicos Crescimento econômico Pobreza Brasil Public expenditures Growth rates Poverty Brazil CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::METODOS QUANTITATIVOS EM ECONOMIA::METODOS E MODELOS MATEMATICOS, ECONOMETRICOS E ESTATISTICOS |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Public expenditures Growth rates Poverty Brazil |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::METODOS QUANTITATIVOS EM ECONOMIA::METODOS E MODELOS MATEMATICOS, ECONOMETRICOS E ESTATISTICOS |
description |
Investments in infrastructure in Brazil showed significant reduction since the 1980s. Evident deficiencies in physical and social infrastructure, among other deadlocks, contribute to the recent modest economic growth rates. Furthermore, Brazil is one of the most unequal country in the world, with still unacceptable poverty rate. In this context, it is questioned: Is the effect of public expenditures, mainly in infrastructure and in human capital, only pro-growth or does it also allow the income increase of poor people in Brazil? This study proposes identifying in which way these types of public expenditures could be allocated efficiently, in order to meet, simultaneously, economic growth targets and poverty reduction. The hypothesis is that public expenditures in physical infrastructure and in human capital rise total factors productivity, as well as employment and wages, therefore promoting the increase in per capita income and the reduction in poverty. Under the premise that socioeconomic factors linked to growth and poverty are interrelated and are generated in the same economic process, a system of simultaneous equations is developed to estimate the direct and indirect effects of public expenditures in physical and social capital on growth and poverty in Brazil, in the period between 1980-2007. It is used the Generalized Moments Method (GMM) to estimate the system of simultaneous equations. First, it s proved the efficiency of investment in education and health, as well as in roads and energy, regarding the improvement of the stock of human and physical capital in Brazil. The results suggest that greater education level, better health conditions, additions in gross fixed capital formation, besides improvements in road and energy infrastructure, contribute significantly to increase income of the Brazilian people and the total factors productivity. On the relationship between per capita income and absolute poverty, the study suggests that, in spite of the modest economic growth and the poverty still being serious social problem, there has been economic growth followed by the fall in poverty rate in the last decades. Per capita GDP and the level of FTP present inverse relation with the national poverty level. On the other hand, direct relation exists between income concentration and population growth and the number of people living below poverty line. On labor market, only public investment in health and energy showed positive direct effects on employment, contrary to investments in education and roads, which contradict the hypothesis advanced by this study that all public investment in human capital and in infrastructure contribute for the increase in employment in the country. This research concludes saying that public expenditures in human capital (education and health) and in physical infrastructure (transport and energy) constitute efficacious measure for the implementation of a growth policy with poverty reduction. Furthermore, the public resources directed to the provision and quality of physical and social infrastructure are complementary practices, and in this way, there are no tradeoffs between these types of public policies. |
publishDate |
2010 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2010-07-22 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2011-06-06 2015-03-19T19:35:06Z |
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2015-03-19T19:35:06Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
CRUZ, Aline Cristina da. The effects of government expenditures in infrastructure and in human capital on per capita income and on poverty in Brazil. 2010. 134 f. Tese (Doutorado em Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/128 |
identifier_str_mv |
CRUZ, Aline Cristina da. The effects of government expenditures in infrastructure and in human capital on per capita income and on poverty in Brazil. 2010. 134 f. Tese (Doutorado em Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2010. |
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http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/128 |
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por |
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por |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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Doutorado em Economia Aplicada |
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UFV |
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BR |
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Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos |
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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