Hábito e preferência alimentar de adolescentes residentes na zona rural e urbana de Viçosa-MG: análise dos fatores determinantes e da relação com o estado nutricional e de saúde

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Daniela Alves
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2762
• topic: Adolescente; Avaliação nutricional; Inquéritos dietéticos; Adolescents; Nutritional assessment; Dietary Surveys; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

The adoption of inadequate life habits in adolescence may promote the development of changes in nutritional status, body composition and lipid profile at this stage of life, favoring the development of cardiovascular risk factors. The aim was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with biochemical, nutritional status, and the habit food preference and diet quality in adolescents of the rural and urban área of Viçosa-MG. Initially the total of students and young residents in rural areas who had between 10 and 13 years old (n = 132), 110 were found eligible, of whom 91 participated (82.7%). These were matched for age, sex and economic class, with students from urban areas in the ratio 1:1, total 182 adolescents in the final sample. Data collection consisted of anthropometric measurements and biochemical exams, body composition, evaluation of secondary characteristics of sexual maturity. Also were made questionnaries about socioeconomic, physical activity and dietary surveys. For the calculation of the Diet Quality Index (HEI), we used the proposed adapted Guenter et al. (2007) and a review of Previdelli et al. (2011). Beside an electronic game on the feeding preferences was applied. We evaluated the association of socioeconomic, demographic, sexual maturation and lifestyle with the outcomes related to the lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides), nutritional status (z-score height/age z-score BMI/age and body fat percentage) and diet quality. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research on Human Research of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa-MG (Of. No. 054/2011) and parents recorded authorization before expiry of consent. Of the adolescents studied, 62.6% (n = 114) were male. Ages ranged from 10.02 to 13.95 years, with median and mean (+SD) of 11.13 and 11.42 +1.0 years, respectively. Regarding the lipids profile, it was found that total cholesterol and LDL were more modified parameters among adolescents (64.8% and 41.8% respectively). There was no difference in serum lipid profile among adolescents in rural and urban areas. It was found that gender and sexual maturation signals were associated with total cholesterol; fiber intake was associated with HDL and signs of sexual maturation, the LDL. For triglycerides associated factors were sex, nutritional status and protein intake. It was observed that 14.3% of adolescents had inadequate height, 22% underweight, 21.4% overweight, 18.7% low percentural body fat and 33.5 high percentural body fat. The fact of living in rural areas and have lower calcium intake was associated with lower zscores for height/age. None of the variables explained the outcome z-score BMI/age. The log percentural body fat was explained by the economic score and sex. The total score did not differ between the IQD place of residence. However, the total score of the components fruits, whole fruits and dairy products was higher for adolescents in urban areas while for the rural, highest score was awarded for total vegetables, dark green and orange vegetables, meat, eggs and legumes; sodium and Gord_AA (calories from solid fats and added sugar). For adolescents in rural diet quality increased with the degree of liking cabbage, yogurt and with the number of meals and decreased with the degree of liking bullet. For the village, the HEI score increased with the degree of like banana bread and cabbage and BMI, and decreases with the degree of liking chocolate. The results demonstrated the high prevalence of changes in nutritional status, body composition and biochemical profile among adolescents in rural and urban evaluated. These changes were related to several factors, with emphasis on the environment, especially those related to food. Although the total HEI score does not differ among adolescents in rural and urban, the score attributed to the components differed, it is important to understand which factors are involved. The food preference was the variable that better explained the quality of the diet, regardless of place of residence. Thus, it is noted that the factors related to dietary habits of adolescents in rural and urban areas does not seem to differ and these have to be associated with changes in nutritional status and cardiovascular risk at this stage of life, which reinforces the importance of practice nutrition education to adolescents, given that habits adopted during this period tend to remain in adulthood.