Lactose e glutamina mais ácido glutâmico em rações para leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade

• Autor(a) principal: Molino, Juliano Pelição
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5623
• topic: Desmame; Intestino delgado; Mucosa; Weaning; Slender intestine; Intestinal villus; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL::AVALIACAO DE ALIMENTOS PARA ANIMAIS

126 commercial crossbred pigs weaned at 21 ± 1 days of age, with initial weight of 6.12 ± 0.70 kg, were allocated in randomized complete block designs. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of lactose and supplementation with glutamine and glutamic acid in pig diets on the performance, mucosa morphology and intestinal flora composition. Experiment 1 consisted of diets containing 0, 4, 8 and 12% lactose administered between 21 and 35 of age, conducted in six replicates with three animals per experimental unit. Diets in experiment 2 contained 0, 4 and 8% of lactose added with glutamine and glutamic acid, conducted in six replicates with three animals per experimental unit. Diets were lactose-free between days 36 and 49 in both experiments. Glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation from day 21 to 35 in animals from experiment 2 was maintained until the end of the experiment. Animal performance was evaluated between days 21 and 35 and between days 21 and 49. Intestinal mucosa morphology and intestinal flora composition were assayed at day 49. The ideal protein concept was used to prepare the isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental mash diets, maintaining a constant relationship between lysine and other amino acids. Diets contained 2% spray-dried plasma and 0.05% tylosin growth promoter. No influence (P <0.05) was observed of the lactose levels on animal weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion between days 21 and 35 in experiment 1, and no residual effect of lactose (P <0.05) on the performance parameters, from day 21 to 49. Animals fed with diets containing 4, 8 or 12% lactose showed higher performance than animals fed with 0% lactose in absolute values, although there was no significant difference between the treatments. Villus height, crypt depth and the villus/crypt (small intestine) relationship were not affected by treatments. Augmented lactose levels altered the intestinal flora composition, increasing the number of Lactobacillus spp. in relation to total Eubacteria. Experiment 2 showed no effect of the interaction (P> 0.05) between lactose levels and glutamine and glutamic acid addition on the evaluated parameters, between 21 and 35 days and in the total experimental period. Lactose levels did not affect (P <0.05) animal performance in both periods. In absolute values, however, the treatment with 4% lactose had the best results of weight gain and feed intake in both periods. Addition of glutamine and glutamic acid in the diets affected (P <0.05) positive weight gain of piglets (days 21 to 49) and increased (P <0.05) villus height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of weaning piglets. Effect (P <0.05) of the addition of glutamine and glutamic acid on the villus/crypt relation was observed in the ileum. The experiments showed that lactose exerted a positive effect on the intestinal microbial ecology of pigs. The addition of glutamine and glutamic acid in the diets enhanced animal performance and intestinal villus height.