Avaliação de um fertilizante organomineral com atividade nematicida

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Paulo Afonso
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1071
• topic: Nematoda em plantas; Nematoda-controle; Meloidogyne; Resíduos agrícolas; Plant nematodes; Nematode control; Meloidogyne; Agricultural waste; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

The castor cake has excellent properties in use as organic fertilizer and plant parasitic nematodes control, because it has high levels of nutrients and ricin, a toxic substance to nematodes. Use of this oil extraction product mixed with mineral fertilizers increases the levels of soluble nutrients, resulting in a product defined as organic-mineral fertilizer. The fertilizer use in the nematodes control is an innovative possibility and an alternative to the use of chemical nematicides, which causes several environmental problems. However, there is little information on how to use these products, the doses to be applied to crops, the period of time between applications and transplanting of seedlings and the action mode of organic-mineral fertilizer on the nematodes. Thus, the study aimed 1) improve the formulation of organic-mineral fertilizer-based castor cake and coffee straw (UFV-TMC10); 2) to study application modes and doses of organic-mineral fertilizer-based castor cake (UFV-TM100) in the development of different crops and in Meloidogyne spp. control; and 3) to determine some action mechanisms of UFV-TM100 in nematodes control. The castor cake was incorporated into the substrate at different doses on days 7, 14 and 21 before transplanting of tomato seedlings. The substrate was infested with 5,000 eggs of M. javanica and after 60 days were evaluated vegetative growth of tomato and nematode population. In another experiment, the castor cake has been applied for coverage 30 days after transplanting of tomato seedlings. The incorporation of castor cake in the substrate at a dose of 10 g L-1 reduced the nematode population and increased the vegetative growth of tomato. However, this product should be incorporated into the substrate at least 14 days before transplanting of tomato seedlings. The application of castor cake for coverage did not influence the vegetative growth of tomato plants. In another experiment we studied the effect of dose and application mode of organic-mineral fertilizer for developing the tomato plants and the control of M. javanica. The product was applied to the substrate for seedling growing, substrate incorporation and coverage. The UFV-TM100 application should be made by incorporation into the substrate and covering at doses of 15 g L-1 and 15 g/plant, respectively, and applied to the substrate for seedlings growing at the rate of 2.5%. Thus, the product reduced the nematode population and the increased vegetative growth of tomato. Subsequently, the UFV-TM100 was incorporated into the substrate with 5,000 eggs of M. javanica and was cultivated with lettuce, cucumber and banana in independent experiments. Besides these, the substrate infested with M. exigua received the product and after 14 days, seedlings of coffee plants were transplanted. The UFV-TM100 reduced the M. javanica population and increased the vegetative growth of lettuce, cucumber and banana when incorporated into substrate at doses of 18, 15 and 30 g L-1, respectively. The substrate incorporation of UFV-TM100 at a dose of 12 g L-1 increased the vegetative growth of coffee plants and reduced the M. exigua population. Finally, two experiments were installed to identify where organic-mineral fertilizer acts in the life cycle of M. javanica and evaluate if the product can increase the tomato resistance for this nematode. The application of organic- mineral fertilizer did not alter the tomato resistance to M. javanica. However, the product has a direct effect on the nematode in the substrate in the early life stages eggs and second stage juveniles. Thus, the application of the organic- mineral fertilizer is an efficient alternative to nematodes control, besides increasing plant growth.