Componentes de resistência à brusone e respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas de plantas de trigo supridas com silício

• Autor(a) principal: Xavier Filha, Maria Santina
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4394
• topic: Silício; Gramíneas; Resistência; Lignina; Enzimas; Silicon; Grass; Resistance; Lignin; Enzymes; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

The effect of the silicon (Si) was quantified on resistance components of the wheat to blast, as well as elucidates the possible physiological and biochemical alterations mediated by this element in response to the infection by the fungi Magnaporthe grisea. Two wheat plants of ‘Aliança’ and ‘BH1146’ cultivars were grown in plastic vase contend 0 and 1,25 g of wollastonite for ground kg that corresponded, respectively, to 0 and 0,30 g of Si/Kg of ground material. To balance calcium text between treatments, it was added 0,97 g of calcium carbonate (PRNT 100%, 40% Ca) to the vases that had not received wollastonite, standardizing the concentration of Ca in 0,37 g/vase. To 45 days after emergence, the plants were inoculated with suspension of 105 conidia/ml. In the first experiment were evaluated electrolyte leakage (EE) and the components of resistance: incubation period (PI), lesion size (TL), lesions number (NL) for cm2 of leaf area, area below the blast progress curve (AACPB) and the severity was estimated by QUANT software. Excepting PI, the Si affected negatively the evaluated resistance components. It had an increase of 14,5 h in PI and a reduction in TL, NL, AACPB and SR. In plants supplied with Si, the EE was reduced. In the second experiment, it was evaluated the photosynthetic tax (TF), the concentration of phenolic composites totals soluble (CFST) and of derivatives of the acid-tioglicolic lignin (LATG). The liquid tax of photosynthesis had increased in the plants supplied with Si, however only to 60 and 84 h after the inoculation, respectively, to cultivars them Aliança and BH 1146. The CFST concentration did not explain the resistance of the plants supplied with Si to blast. Contrarily, derivatives concentration of LATG was higher in plants of the two cultivars supplied with Si in elapsing of the infectious process, what it has contributed to increase the level of resistance of these cultivars to blast. The quitinases activity, mainly in plants supplied with Si, increased during the infection for M. grisea. Peroxidases had also increased in activity in plants supplied with Si, mainly of Aliança cultivar. Poliphenoloxidases had not an evident participation in the resistance of the wheat to blast, even in the presence of Si. The results of this study show for the first time the positive effect of Si in increase the resistance of wheat to blast for acting negatively in some components of resistance; beyond amplify defense mechanisms of biochemistry nature and improving the plant physiology with respect to a higher photosynthetic capacity.